Antenna-Rectifier Co-design
Maonekedwe a rectennas kutsatira EG topology mu Chithunzi 2 ndikuti mlongoti umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi wokonzanso, osati muyezo wa 50Ω, womwe umafunika kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa dera lofananirako kuti likhale ndi mphamvu yokonzanso. Gawoli likuwunikiranso zaubwino wa ma soA rectennas okhala ndi tinyanga tosakhala 50Ω ndi ma rectenna opanda maukonde ofananira.
1. Tinyanga Zing'onozing'ono Zamagetsi
LC resonant ring antennas zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito pomwe kukula kwadongosolo ndikofunikira. Pamafupipafupi omwe ali pansi pa 1 GHz, kutalika kwa mafunde kumatha kupangitsa kuti tinyanga tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tizikhala ndi malo ochulukirapo kuposa kukula kwake kwa dongosolo, ndipo ntchito monga zolumikizira zophatikizika zoyika thupi zimapindula makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito tinyanga tating'ono tamagetsi ta WPT.
Kulepheretsa kwakukulu kwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono (pafupi ndi resonance) kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza chowongolera kapena ndi netiweki yowonjezera ya pa-chip capacitive yofananira. Tinyanga tating'ono tamagetsi tanenedwa mu WPT yokhala ndi LP ndi CP pansi pa 1 GHz pogwiritsa ntchito tinyanga ta Huygens dipole, ndi ka=0.645, pomwe ka=5.91 mu dipoles wamba (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Rectifier conjugate mlongoti
Kulepheretsa komwe kumalowa kwa diode ndikokwanira kwambiri, chifukwa chake mlongoti wochititsa chidwi umafunika kuti mukwaniritse zovuta za conjugate. Chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa chip, tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama tag a RFID. Ma antenna a Dipole posachedwapa akhala achizolowezi muzotengera zovuta za RFID, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusagwirizana kwakukulu (kukana ndikuchita) pafupi ndi ma frequency awo.
Ma inductive dipole antennas akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa wokonzanso mu gulu lachiwongola dzanja. Mu mlongoti wa dipole wopindidwa, mizere yaying'ono iwiri (kupinda kwa dipole) imakhala ngati chosinthira chotchinga, kulola mapangidwe a mlongoti wokwera kwambiri. Kapenanso, kudyetsa kokondera kumakhala ndi udindo wowonjezera kukhudzidwa kwa inductive komanso kusokoneza kwenikweni. Kuphatikiza zinthu zingapo zokondera za dipole ndi ma radial ma radial stubs osakhazikika kumapanga mlongoti wapawiri wa Broadband high impedance. Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa tinyanga tating'ono tating'onoting'ono ta conjugate.
Chithunzi 4
Mawonekedwe a radiation mu RFEH ndi WPT
Muchitsanzo cha Friis, mphamvu ya PRX yolandilidwa ndi mlongoti patali d kuchokera ku transmitter ndi ntchito yachindunji ya phindu la wolandila ndi transmitter (GRX, GTX).
Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa mlongoti wa lobe ndi polarization zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumafunde a zochitika. Mawonekedwe a radiation ya antenna ndi magawo ofunikira omwe amasiyanitsa pakati pa RFEH yozungulira ndi WPT (Chithunzi 5). Ngakhale m'mapulogalamu onsewa njira yofalitsira ingakhale yosadziwika ndipo zotsatira zake pamafunde olandilidwa ziyenera kuganiziridwa, chidziwitso cha mlongoti wotumizira chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Gulu 3 likuwonetsa magawo ofunikira omwe akukambidwa m'gawoli komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito RFEH ndi WPT.
Chithunzi 5
1. Kuwongolera ndi Kupindula
M'mapulogalamu ambiri a RFEH ndi WPT, amaganiziridwa kuti wokhometsa sadziwa komwe akuchokera ndipo palibe njira yowonekera (LoS). Mu ntchitoyi, mapangidwe ndi kuyika kwa antenna angapo adafufuzidwa kuti akweze mphamvu zolandilidwa kuchokera kugwero losadziwika, osadalira kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa lobe pakati pa chotumizira ndi wolandila.
Omnidirectional antennas akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazachilengedwe RFEH rectennas. M'mabuku, PSD imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe mlongoti umayendera. Komabe, kusiyanasiyana kwa mphamvu sikunafotokozedwe, kotero sizingatheke kudziwa ngati kusinthaku kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ma radiation a antenna kapena chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa polarization.
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito za RFEH, tinyanga tambiri tambiri tambiri tambiri ta microwave WPT tafotokoza momveka bwino kuti microwave WPT imathandizira kusonkhanitsa mphamvu zocheperako zamphamvu za RF kapena kuthana ndi kutayika kwa kufalitsa. Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, bowtie arrays, spiral arrays, Vivaldi arrays zolimba, CPW CP arrays, ndi ma patch arrays ndi zina mwazinthu zowopsa zomwe zimatha kukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi pansi padera linalake. Njira zina zopititsira patsogolo kupindula kwa tinyanga ndi ukadaulo wa substrate Integrated waveguide (SIW) mu microwave ndi ma millimeter wave band, makamaka ku WPT. Komabe, ma rectennas opeza bwino kwambiri amakhala ndi ma beamwidth opapatiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafunde azitha kuyenda mosagwirizana. Kufufuza pa kuchuluka kwa zinthu za tinyanga ndi madoko kunatsimikizira kuti kuwongolera kwapamwamba sikufanana ndi mphamvu zokololedwa zapamwamba mu RFEH yozungulira potengera zochitika zamagulu atatu; izi zidatsimikiziridwa ndi miyeso yamunda m'matauni. Magulu opindula kwambiri amatha kukhala ndi mapulogalamu a WPT.
Kusamutsa mapindu a tinyanga zopeza ndalama zambiri kupita ku ma RFEH osakhazikika, zopangira kapena masanjidwe amachitidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi vuto lachindunji. Chingwe cha mlongoti wapawiri-chigamba chikuperekedwa kuti chitenge mphamvu kuchokera ku ma Wi-Fi RFEH omwe amakhala mbali ziwiri. Ma antenna a RFEH okhala ndi ma cell amapangidwanso ngati mabokosi a 3D ndikusindikizidwa kapena kutsatiridwa ndi mawonekedwe akunja kuti achepetse dera ladongosolo ndikupangitsa kukolola kosiyanasiyana. Ma Cubic rectenna akuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kolandila mphamvu mu RFEHs yozungulira.
Kusintha kwa mapangidwe a antenna kuti achulukitse kuwala, kuphatikizapo zinthu zothandizira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, adapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo WPT pa 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. Antenna ya 6 GHz mesh yokhala ndi zigawo zingapo zamtengo idaperekedwanso, kuwonetsa matabwa angapo padoko. Multi-port, multi-rectifier surface rectennas ndi tinyanga zotungira mphamvu zokhala ndi ma radiation a omnidirectional aperekedwa kuti akhale ndi njira zambiri komanso ma polarized RFEH. Zopangira zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi ma matrices owoneka bwino komanso minyanga yamitundu yambiri aperekedwanso kuti apeze phindu lalikulu, kukolola mphamvu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Mwachidule, pamene tinyanga zolemera kwambiri zimasankhidwa kuti ziwongolere mphamvu zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera ku kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka RF, zolandirira zolowera kwambiri sizingakhale zabwino pamapulogalamu omwe njira yotumizira siidziwika (mwachitsanzo, RFEH kapena WPT kudzera munjira zosadziwika bwino). Mu ntchitoyi, njira zingapo zamitundu yambiri zimaperekedwa kuti zitheke zambiri za WPT ndi RFEH.
2. Polarization ya Antenna
Polarization ya antenna imatanthawuza kusuntha kwa vector yamagetsi yamagetsi poyerekeza ndi njira yofalitsa mlongoti. Kusagwirizana kwa polarization kumatha kubweretsa kuchepetsedwa / kulandila pakati pa tinyanga ngakhale mbali zazikuluzikulu za lobe zikugwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mlongoti wa LP woyimirira ugwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndipo mlongoti wa LP wopingasa umagwiritsidwa ntchito polandirira, palibe mphamvu yomwe idzalandire. M'chigawo chino, njira zomwe zafotokozedweratu zowonjezeretsera kulandila kwa zingwe zopanda zingwe ndikupewa kutayika kwa polarization kumawunikiridwa. Chidule cha kamangidwe ka rectenna kokhudzana ndi polarization chaperekedwa mu Chithunzi 6 ndipo chitsanzo cha SoA chaperekedwa mu Gulu 4.
Chithunzi 6
Pakulumikizana kwa ma cell, kulumikizana kwa mzere pakati pa masiteshoni oyambira ndi mafoni am'manja sikutheka, chifukwa chake tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tambiri tokhala ndi polarized polarized polarization kuti zisawonongeke. Komabe, kusiyanasiyana kwa mafunde a LP chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kumakhalabe vuto losathetsedwa. Kutengera lingaliro la masiteshoni am'manja amitundu yambiri, tinyanga ta RFEH tapangidwa ngati tinyanga ta LP.
Ma CP rectennas amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu WPT chifukwa amalephera kufananiza. CP antennas amatha kulandira ma radiation a CP ndi njira yozungulira yofanana (kumanzere kapena kumanja kwa CP) kuwonjezera pa mafunde onse a LP popanda kutaya mphamvu. Mulimonsemo, mlongoti wa CP umatumiza ndipo mlongoti wa LP umalandira ndi kutaya kwa 3 dB (50% kutaya mphamvu). CP rectennas akuti ndi oyenera 900 MHz ndi 2.4 GHz ndi 5.8 GHz mafakitale, sayansi, ndi magulu azachipatala komanso mafunde mamilimita. Mu RFEH ya mafunde osakanikirana mosagwirizana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polarization imayimira njira yothetsera kutayika kosagwirizana.
Polarization yathunthu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti multi-polarization, yaperekedwa kuti igonjetse kutayika kosagwirizana ndi polarization, kuthandizira kusonkhanitsa mafunde a CP ndi LP, pomwe zinthu ziwiri za polarized orthogonal LP zimalandila bwino mafunde onse a LP ndi CP. Kuti tiwonetse izi, ma voliyumu oyima ndi opingasa (VV ndi VH) amakhalabe osasintha mosasamala kanthu za mbali ya polarization:
CP electromagnetic wave "E" gawo lamagetsi, pomwe mphamvu imasonkhanitsidwa kawiri (kamodzi pa unit), potero kulandira gawo la CP ndikugonjetsa kutayika kwa 3 dB polarization:
Pomaliza, kudzera mu kuphatikiza kwa DC, mafunde amtundu wapolarization amatha kulandiridwa. Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa geometry ya rectenna yomwe ili ndi polarized.
Chithunzi 7
Mwachidule, mu mapulogalamu a WPT okhala ndi mphamvu zodzipatulira, CP imakondedwa chifukwa imapangitsa kuti WPT ikhale yabwino mosasamala kanthu za mbali ya polarization ya mlongoti. Kumbali inayi, mukupeza magwero ambiri, makamaka kuchokera kumadera ozungulira, tinyanga ta polarized zimatha kulandilidwa bwino komanso kusuntha kwambiri; Zomangamanga zamadoko ambiri / zokonzanso zambiri zimafunikira kuphatikiza mphamvu zokhazikika pa RF kapena DC.
Chidule
Pepalali likuwunikiranso momwe kamangidwe ka antenna a RFEH ndi WPT akuyendera, ndipo ikupereka ndondomeko ya kamangidwe kake ka RFEH ndi WPT komwe sikunafotokozedwe m'mabuku apitalo. Zofunikira zitatu za mlongoti kuti mukwaniritse bwino kwambiri RF-to-DC zadziwika kuti:
1. Antenna rectifier impedance bandwidth kwa magulu a chidwi a RFEH ndi WPT;
2. Kuyanjanitsa kwakukulu kwa lobe pakati pa chotumizira ndi cholandila mu WPT kuchokera ku chakudya chodzipereka;
3. Polarization yofananira pakati pa rectenna ndi mafunde a zochitika mosasamala kanthu za ngodya ndi malo.
Kutengera kusakhazikika, ma rectennas amagawidwa kukhala 50Ω ndi rectifier conjugate rectennas, molunjika pakufananiza kosagwirizana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana ndi katundu komanso mphamvu ya njira iliyonse yofananira.
Mawonekedwe a radiation a SoA rectennas adawunikidwanso kuchokera kumayendedwe owongolera komanso polarization. Njira zopititsira patsogolo kupindula mwa kuyika bwino ndi kuyika kuti mugonjetse kupendekera kocheperako zikukambidwa. Pomaliza, ma CP rectennas a WPT amawunikiridwa, pamodzi ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse kulandirira kodziyimira pawokha kwa WPT ndi RFEH.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za antennas, chonde pitani:
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-16-2024
