Nkhani - Kuwunikanso kwa ma antenna a chingwe chotumizira mauthenga kutengera zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito (Gawo 2)

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito MTM-TL mu Antenna Systems
Gawoli lidzayang'ana kwambiri pa ma TL opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ...

1. Ma antenna a Broadband ndi ma multi-frequency
Mu TL yachizolowezi yokhala ndi kutalika kwa l, pamene ma frequency a angular ω0 aperekedwa, kutalika kwa magetsi (kapena gawo) la chingwe chotumizira magetsi kumatha kuwerengedwa motere:

Pamene vp ikuyimira liwiro la gawo la mzere wotumizira. Monga momwe taonera pamwambapa, bandwidth ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchedwa kwa gulu, komwe ndi komwe kumachokera ku φ poyerekeza ndi ma frequency. Chifukwa chake, pamene kutalika kwa mzere wotumizira kumakhala kochepa, bandwidth imakulanso. Mwanjira ina, pali ubale wotsutsana pakati pa bandwidth ndi gawo loyambira la mzere wotumizira, lomwe ndi la kapangidwe kake. Izi zikusonyeza kuti m'mabwalo ogawidwa mwachikhalidwe, bandwidth yogwirira ntchito sikophweka kuilamulira. Izi zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi zofooka za mizere yotumizira mwachikhalidwe pankhani ya madigiri a ufulu. Komabe, zinthu zokweza zimalola magawo ena kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu ma TL a metamaterial, ndipo yankho la gawo likhoza kulamulidwa mpaka pamlingo winawake. Kuti muwonjezere bandwidth, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi malo ofanana pafupi ndi ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito a mawonekedwe ofalikira. TL yopangira zinthu imatha kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Kutengera njira iyi, njira zambiri zowonjezera bandwidth ya ma antenna zaperekedwa mu pepalalo. Akatswiri adapanga ndikupanga ma antenna awiri a broadband okhala ndi ma resonator a mphete ogawanika (onani Chithunzi 7). Zotsatira zomwe zawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 7 zikusonyeza kuti mutatsegula resonator ya split ring ndi antenna ya monopole yachikhalidwe, njira yocheperako ya resonant imalimbikitsidwa. Kukula kwa resonator ya split ring kumakonzedwa kuti kukhale ndi resonance yofanana ndi ya monopole antenna. Zotsatirazo zikusonyeza kuti pamene ma resonance awiriwa agwirizana, mawonekedwe a bandwidth ndi radiation a antenna amawonjezeka. Kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa antenna ya monopole ndi 0.25λ0×0.11λ0 ndi 0.25λ0×0.21λ0 (4GHz), motsatana, ndipo kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa antenna ya monopole yodzazidwa ndi split ring resonator ndi 0.29λ0×0.21λ0 (2.9GHz), motsatana. Pa antenna yachikhalidwe ya F-shaped ndi antenna ya T-shaped yopanda split ring resonator, gain and radiation efficiency yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imayesedwa mu 5GHz band ndi 3.6dBi - 78.5% ndi 3.9dBi - 80.2%, motsatana. Pa antenna yodzaza ndi split ring resonator, magawo awa ndi 4dBi - 81.2% ndi 4.4dBi - 83%, motsatana, mu 6GHz band. Pogwiritsa ntchito split ring resonator ngati katundu wofanana pa monopole antenna, 2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz ndi 2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz bands zitha kuthandizidwa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi fractional bandwidths ya 75.4% ndi ~ 87%, motsatana. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti bandwidth yoyezera imakwezedwa pafupifupi nthawi 2.4 ndi nthawi 2.11 poyerekeza ndi antenna zachikhalidwe za monopole za kukula kokhazikika.

Chithunzi 7. Ma antenna awiri a broadband okhala ndi ma resonator a split-ring.

Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 8, zotsatira zoyeserera za antenna yosindikizidwa ya monopole zikuwonetsedwa. Pamene S11≤-10 dB, bandwidth yogwirira ntchito ndi 185% (0.115-2.90 GHz), ndipo pa 1.45 GHz, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya radiation ndi 2.35 dBi ndi 78.8%, motsatana. Kapangidwe ka antenna ndi kofanana ndi kapangidwe ka pepala la triangular kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo, komwe kumaperekedwa ndi chogawa mphamvu chozungulira. GND yodulidwayo ili ndi stub yapakati yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa chodyetsa, ndipo mphete zinayi zotseguka za resonant zimagawidwa mozungulira, zomwe zimakulitsa bandwidth ya antenna. Antena imawala pafupifupi mbali zonse, kuphimba magulu ambiri a VHF ndi S, ndi magulu onse a UHF ndi L. Kukula kwa antenna ndi 48.32×43.72×0.8 mm3, ndipo kukula kwamagetsi ndi 0.235λ0×0.211λ0×0.003λ0. Ili ndi ubwino wa kukula kochepa komanso mtengo wotsika, ndipo ili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana zopanda zingwe za broadband.

Chithunzi 8: Antena ya monopole yodzaza ndi resonator ya mphete yogawanika.

Chithunzi 9 chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka antenna yozungulira yokhala ndi mawiri awiri a ma waya olumikizana olumikizidwa okhala pansi pa mtunda wozungulira wooneka ngati T kudzera m'ma vias awiri. Kukula kwa antenna ndi 38.5×36.6 mm2 (0.070λ0×0.067λ0), pomwe λ0 ndi kutalika kwa 0.55 GHz. Antena imawala mbali zonse mu E-plane mu gulu la ma frequency operating la 0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, ndi phindu lalikulu la 5.5dBi pa 2.35GHz ndi mphamvu ya 90.1%. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa antenna yomwe ikuperekedwa kukhala yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza UHF RFID, GSM 900, GPS, KPCS, DCS, IMT-2000, WiMAX, WiFi ndi Bluetooth.

Chithunzi 9 Kapangidwe ka antenna yozungulira yomwe ikuperekedwa.

2. Antena ya Mafunde Otuluka (LWA)
Antena yatsopano ya leaky wave ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu zopangira TL yopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa. Pa ma antenna a leaky wave, mphamvu ya phase constant β pa radiation angle (θm) ndi maximum beam width (Δθ) ndi motere:

L ndi kutalika kwa antenna, k0 ndi nambala ya mafunde mu malo omasuka, ndipo λ0 ndi kutalika kwa mafunde mu malo omasuka. Dziwani kuti kuwala kumachitika pokhapokha ngati |β|

3. Antena ya resonator ya Zero-order
Kapangidwe kapadera ka CRLH metamaterial ndi kakuti β ikhoza kukhala 0 pamene ma frequency sali ofanana ndi zero. Kutengera ndi kalembedwe kameneka, resonator yatsopano ya zero-order (ZOR) ikhoza kupangidwa. Pamene β ili zero, palibe kusintha kwa gawo komwe kumachitika mu resonator yonse. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti kusintha kwa gawo φ = - βd = 0. Kuphatikiza apo, resonance imadalira kokha katundu wochitapo kanthu ndipo sikudalira kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake. Chithunzi 10 chikuwonetsa kuti antenna yomwe ikuperekedwayo imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi awiri ndi atatu okhala ndi mawonekedwe a E, ndipo kukula konse ndi 0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 ndi 0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, motsatana, komwe λ0 imayimira kutalika kwa malo omasuka pama frequency operating a 500 MHz ndi 650 MHz, motsatana. Antena imagwira ntchito pamafupipafupi a 0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) ndi 0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), ndi ma bandwidth ofanana a 91.9% ndi 96.0%. Kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe a bandwidth yaying'ono komanso yotakata, phindu ndi magwiridwe antchito a antena yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ndi 5.3dBi ndi 85% (1GHz) ndi 5.7dBi ndi 90% (1.4GHz), motsatana.

Chithunzi 10 Kapangidwe ka antenna ya double-E ndi triple-E komwe kakuperekedwa.

4. Antena ya Slot
Njira yosavuta yaperekedwa kuti iwonjezere kutsegula kwa antenna ya CRLH-MTM, koma kukula kwa antenna yake sikunasinthe kwenikweni. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 11, antenna ili ndi mayunitsi a CRLH omwe ali molunjika pa wina ndi mnzake, omwe ali ndi ma patches ndi mizere yozungulira, ndipo pali malo ooneka ngati S pa antenna. Antena imadyetsedwa ndi stub yofanana ndi CPW, ndipo kukula kwake ndi 17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, yofanana ndi 0.204λ0×0.375λ0×0.018λ0, pomwe λ0 (3.5GHz) imayimira kutalika kwa malo omasuka. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti antenna imagwira ntchito mu frequency band ya 0.85-7.90GHz, ndipo bandwidth yake yogwirira ntchito ndi 161.14%. Kuchuluka kwa radiation ndi mphamvu ya antenna kumawonekera pa 3.5GHz, zomwe ndi 5.12dBi ndi ~80%, motsatana.