1. Chiyambi cha Ma Antena
Antena ndi kapangidwe ka kusintha pakati pa malo omasuka ndi chingwe chotumizira mauthenga, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1. Mzere wotumizira mauthenga ukhoza kukhala ngati mzere wa coaxial kapena chubu chopanda kanthu (waveguide), chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku gwero kupita ku antena, kapena kuchokera ku antena kupita ku wolandila mauthenga. Woyamba ndi antena yotumizira mauthenga, ndipo womaliza ndi wolandira mauthenga.mlongoti.
Chithunzi 1 Njira yotumizira mphamvu zamagetsi
Kutumiza kwa dongosolo la antenna mu njira yotumizira ya Chithunzi 1 kukuimiridwa ndi Thevenin yofanana ndi yomwe yawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2, komwe gwero likuimiridwa ndi jenereta yoyenera ya chizindikiro, mzere wotumizira ukuimiridwa ndi mzere wokhala ndi impedance ya Zc, ndipo antenna ikuimiridwa ndi katundu ZA [ZA = (RL + Rr) + jXA]. Kukana kwa katundu RL kukuyimira kutayika kwa conduction ndi dielectric komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka antenna, pomwe Rr ikuyimira kukana kwa radiation kwa antenna, ndipo reactance XA imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira gawo longopeka la impedance yolumikizidwa ndi radiation ya antenna. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwino, mphamvu zonse zopangidwa ndi gwero la chizindikiro ziyenera kusamutsidwa ku resistance ya radiation Rr, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira mphamvu ya radiation ya antenna. Komabe, mu ntchito zenizeni, pali kutayika kwa conductor-dielectric chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mzere wotumizira ndi antenna, komanso kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwunikira (kusafanana) pakati pa mzere wotumizira ndi antenna. Poganizira za kulepheretsa kwamkati kwa gwero ndi kunyalanyaza kutayika kwa mzere wotumizira ndi kuwunikira (kusafanana), mphamvu yayikulu imaperekedwa ku antenna pansi pa kufananiza kwa conjugate.
Chithunzi 2
Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa chingwe chotumizira mauthenga ndi antenna, mafunde owonetsedwa kuchokera ku mawonekedwe amayikidwa pamwamba pa mafunde ochitika kuchokera ku gwero kupita ku antenna kuti apange mafunde oyima, omwe amayimira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kusungirako ndipo ndi chipangizo chodziwika bwino cholumikizirana. Kapangidwe ka mafunde oyima akuwonetsedwa ndi mzere wokhala ndi madontho mu Chithunzi 2. Ngati dongosolo la antenna silinapangidwe bwino, mzere wotumizira mauthenga ungathe kugwira ntchito ngati chinthu chosungira mphamvu m'malo mwa chida chotumizira mauthenga ndi mphamvu.
Kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chingwe chotumizira mauthenga, antenna ndi mafunde oyima sikoyenera. Kutayika kwa mzere kungachepe posankha mizere yotumizira mauthenga yotsika mtengo, pomwe kutayika kwa antenna kungachepe pochepetsa kukana kwa kutayika komwe kumaimiridwa ndi RL mu Chithunzi 2. Mafunde oyima angachepe ndipo kusungidwa kwa mphamvu mu mzere kungachepe pogwirizanitsa kukanikiza kwa antenna (katundu) ndi kukanikiza kwapadera kwa mzere.
Mu makina opanda zingwe, kuwonjezera pa kulandira kapena kutumiza mphamvu, ma antenna nthawi zambiri amafunika kuti awonjezere mphamvu yowala mbali zina ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yowala mbali zina. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa zida zodziwira, ma antenna ayeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zowongolera. Ma antenna amatha kukhala m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zosowa zinazake. Ikhoza kukhala waya, malo otseguka, chigamba, gulu la zinthu (array), chowunikira, lenzi, ndi zina zotero.
Mu makina olumikizirana opanda zingwe, ma antenna ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kapangidwe kabwino ka ma antenna kangachepetse zosowa za makina ndikukweza magwiridwe antchito a makina onse. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi wailesi yakanema, komwe kulandira mawayilesi kumatha kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma antenna ogwira ntchito kwambiri. Ma antenna ndi makina olumikizirana omwe maso ndi anthu.
2. Kugawa Ma Antena
Antena ya horn ndi antenna yozungulira, antenna ya microwave yokhala ndi gawo lozungulira kapena lamakona anayi lomwe limatseguka pang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwa waveguide. Ndi mtundu wa antenna ya microwave yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Malo ake owunikira amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa khomo la horn ndi mtundu wa kufalikira. Pakati pawo, mphamvu ya khoma la horn pa kuwala imatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya geometric diffraction. Ngati kutalika kwa horn sikunasinthe, kukula kwa khomo ndi kusiyana kwa quadratic phase kudzawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ngodya yotsegulira horn, koma kukwera sikudzasintha ndi kukula kwa khomo. Ngati gulu la ma frequency la horn likufunika kukulitsidwa, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuwunikira pakhosi ndi khomo la horn; kuwunikira kudzachepa pamene kukula kwa khomo kukuwonjezeka. Kapangidwe ka antenna ya horn ndi kosavuta, ndipo mawonekedwe a radiation ndi osavuta kuwongolera. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antenna yapakati. Antena za parabolic reflector horn zokhala ndi bandwidth yayikulu, ma lobes otsika komanso magwiridwe antchito ambiri nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana ndi microwave relay.
RM-DCPHA105145-20(10.5-14.5GHz)
RM-BDHA1850-20(18-50GHz)
RM-SGHA430-10(1.70-2.60GHz)
2. Antena ya Microstrip
Kapangidwe ka antenna ya microstrip nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi gawo la dielectric, radiator ndi gawo la nthaka. Kukhuthala kwa gawo la dielectric ndi kochepa kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa nthawi. Chitsulo chopyapyala chomwe chili pansi pa gawo la pansi chimalumikizidwa ndi gawo la pansi, ndipo gawo lopyapyala lachitsulo chokhala ndi mawonekedwe enaake chimapangidwa kutsogolo kudzera mu njira ya photolithography ngati radiator. Mawonekedwe a radiator amatha kusinthidwa m'njira zambiri malinga ndi zofunikira.
Kukwera kwa ukadaulo wophatikiza ma microwave ndi njira zatsopano zopangira zinthu kwalimbikitsa chitukuko cha ma antenna a microstrip. Poyerekeza ndi ma antenna achikhalidwe, ma antenna a microstrip si ang'onoang'ono okha, ndi opepuka, otsika mawonekedwe, osavuta kufananiza, komanso ndi osavuta kuphatikiza, otsika mtengo, oyenera kupanga zinthu zambiri, komanso ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana.
RM-MA424435-22(4.25-4.35GHz)
RM-MA25527-22(25.5-27GHz)
Antena ya waveguide slot ndi antenna yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mipata yomwe ili mu kapangidwe ka waveguide kuti ipeze kuwala. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mbale ziwiri zachitsulo zofanana zomwe zimapanga waveguide yokhala ndi mpata wopapatiza pakati pa mbale ziwirizo. Mafunde a electromagnetic akadutsa mpata wa waveguide, pamakhala chochitika cha resonance, motero kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu pafupi ndi mpata kuti ipeze kuwala. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta, antenna ya waveguide slot imatha kupeza kuwala kwa broadband komanso kogwira ntchito kwambiri, kotero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu radar, kulumikizana, masensa opanda zingwe ndi madera ena mu ma microwave ndi millimeter wave bands. Ubwino wake ndi monga kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ma radiation, mawonekedwe a broadband komanso kuthekera koletsa kusokoneza, kotero imakondedwa ndi mainjiniya ndi ofufuza.
RM-PA7087-43（71-86GHz）
RM-PA1075145-32 (10.75-14.5GHz)
RM-SWA910-22(9-10GHz)
Antena ya Biconical ndi antenna ya broadband yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka biconical, komwe kumadziwika ndi kuyankha kwa ma frequency ambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma radiation ambiri. Zigawo ziwiri za conical za antenna ya biconical ndizofanana. Kudzera mu kapangidwe kameneka, ma radiation ogwira ntchito mu wide frequency band amatha kupezeka. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo monga kusanthula kwa spectrum, muyeso wa ma radiation ndi mayeso a EMC (electromagnetic compatibility). Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino a impedance matching ndi ma radiation ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zomwe zimafunika kuphimba ma frequency angapo.
RM-BCA2428-4 (24-28GHz）
RM-BCA218-4 (2-18GHz)
Antena yozungulira ndi antena yozungulira yokhala ndi kapangidwe kozungulira, komwe kumadziwika ndi kuyankha kwa ma frequency ambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri kwa ma radiation. Antena yozungulira imakwaniritsa kusiyanasiyana kwa polarization ndi mawonekedwe a ma radiation a wide-band kudzera mu kapangidwe ka ma spiral coils, ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito radar, satellite communication ndi wireless communication systems.
RM-PSA0756-3(0.75-6GHz)
RM-PSA218-2R(2-18GHz)
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-14-2024
