Mlongotikuyeza ndi njira yowunika mochulukira ndikusanthula magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe a antenna. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoyezera ndi njira zoyezera, timayezera kupindula, mawonekedwe a radiation, kuchuluka kwa mafunde, kuyankha pafupipafupi ndi magawo ena a mlongoti kuti tiwone ngati mapangidwe a mlongoti akukwaniritsa zofunikira, kuyang'ana momwe mlongoti umagwirira ntchito, ndi kupereka malangizo owonjezera. Zotsatira ndi deta yochokera mumiyezo ya tinyanga zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa kagwiridwe ka tinyanga, kukhathamiritsa mapangidwe, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndikupereka chitsogozo ndi mayankho kwa opanga tinyanga ndi akatswiri opanga mapulogalamu.
Zida Zofunika Pamiyeso ya Antenna
Poyesa mlongoti, chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri ndi VNA. Mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa VNA ndi 1-port VNA, yomwe imatha kuyeza kutsekeka kwa mlongoti.
Kuyeza mawonekedwe a radiation ya antenna, kupindula ndi kuchita bwino kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafuna zida zambiri. Tiyitana mlongoti kuti uyesedwe AUT, womwe umayimira Antenna Under Test. Zida zofunika pakuyezera kwa antenna ndi:
Mlongoti wofotokozera - Mlongoti wokhala ndi mawonekedwe odziwika (kupindula, chitsanzo, ndi zina)
RF Power Transmitter - Njira yoperekera mphamvu mu AUT [Antenna Under Test]
Dongosolo lolandila - Izi zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimalandiridwa ndi mlongoti wolozera
Dongosolo loyikira - Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza mlongoti woyeserera poyerekezera ndi komwe kumachokera, kuyeza mawonekedwe a radiation ngati ntchito ya ngodya.
Chithunzi cha block cha zida pamwambapa chikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 1.
Chithunzi 1. Chithunzi cha zida zofunikira zoyezera mlongoti.
Zigawozi zidzakambidwa mwachidule. Reference Antenna iyenera kuwunikira bwino pamayeso omwe mukufuna. Tinyanga zolozera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati tinyanga tapawiri-polarized, kotero kuti polarization yopingasa ndi yoyima imatha kuyezedwa nthawi imodzi.
Njira Yopatsirana iyenera kukhala yokhoza kutulutsa mphamvu yokhazikika yodziwika bwino. Ma frequency omwe amatuluka akuyeneranso kukhala osinthika (osankhika), komanso okhazikika (okhazikika amatanthauza kuti ma frequency omwe mumapeza kuchokera kwa ma transmitter ali pafupi ndi ma frequency omwe mukufuna, samasiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha). Chotumizira chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pamafurifoni ena onse (nthawi zonse padzakhala mphamvu kunja kwa ma frequency omwe mukufuna, koma sikuyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pa ma harmonics, mwachitsanzo).
Dongosolo Lolandila limangofunika kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera ku mlongoti woyeserera. Izi zitha kuchitika kudzera pa mita yamagetsi yosavuta, yomwe ndi chipangizo choyezera mphamvu ya RF (radio frequency) ndipo imatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku ma terminals a antenna kudzera pa chingwe cholumikizira (monga chingwe cha coaxial chokhala ndi zolumikizira za N-mtundu kapena SMA). Nthawi zambiri wolandila ndi 50 Ohm system, koma imatha kukhala yosokoneza ngati yafotokozedwa.
Dziwani kuti makina otumizira / kulandira nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa ndi VNA. Muyeso wa S21 umatumiza mafupipafupi kuchokera ku doko 1 ndipo amalemba mphamvu yolandirira pa doko 2. Choncho, VNA ndiyoyenerera bwino ntchitoyi; komabe si njira yokhayo yochitira ntchitoyi.
Positioning System imayang'anira momwe choyimira choyesera. Popeza tikufuna kuyeza mawonekedwe a ma radiation a mlongoti woyesera ngati ntchito ya ngodya (yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira), tifunika kutembenuza mlongoti woyesera kuti gwero la mlongoti liwunikire mlongoti woyesera kuchokera ku ngodya iliyonse yomwe ingatheke. Njira yoyikirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga izi. Pachithunzi 1, tikuwonetsa AUT ikuzunguliridwa. Dziwani kuti pali njira zambiri zochitira izi; nthawi zina mlongoti wolozera umazunguliridwa, ndipo nthawi zina zonse zolozera ndi tinyanga ta AUT zimazunguliridwa.
Tsopano popeza tili ndi zida zonse zofunika, titha kukambirana komwe tingayezereko.
Malo abwino oyezera tinyanga zathu ali kuti? Mwina mungafune kuchitira izi mugalaja yanu, koma zowunikira kuchokera pamakoma, kudenga ndi pansi zingapangitse kuti miyeso yanu ikhale yolakwika. Malo abwino opangira miyezo ya tinyanga ndi kwinakwake kunja, komwe sikungawonekere zowunikira. Komabe, chifukwa kuyenda mumlengalenga ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri, tiyang'ana kwambiri malo oyezera omwe ali padziko lapansi. Chipangizo cha Anechoic Chamber chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula kuyesa kwa tinyanga tating'ono pomwe timatulutsa mphamvu zowoneka ndi thovu la RF.
Mipata Yaulere Yaulere (Anechoic Chambers)
Mipata yaulere ndi malo oyezera mlongoti omwe amapangidwa kuti ayesere zomwe zingayesedwe mumlengalenga. Ndiko kuti, mafunde onse owonetseredwa kuchokera ku zinthu zapafupi ndi nthaka (yomwe ili yosafunika) imaponderezedwa momwe zingathere. Malo otchuka kwambiri aulere ndi zipinda za anechoic, mizere yokwezeka, ndi mtundu wophatikizika.
Anechoic Chambers
Zipinda za Anechoic ndi minyanga yamkati yamkati. Makoma, denga ndi pansi zimadzazidwa ndi zinthu zapadera za electromagnetic wave absorbing. Mipata ya m'nyumba ndiyofunika chifukwa miyeso yoyesera imatha kuyendetsedwa mwamphamvu kuposa yakunja. Zinthuzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomangika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipindazi zikhale zosangalatsa kuziwona. Maonekedwe a makona atatu okhotakhota amapangidwa kuti zomwe zikuwonekera kuchokera pamenepo zimakonda kufalikira molunjika, ndipo zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pamodzi kuchokera kuzinthu zonse zowonongeka zimawonjezera mosagwirizana ndipo motero zimaponderezedwa kwambiri. Chithunzi cha chipinda cha anechoic chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chotsatirachi, pamodzi ndi zida zoyesera:
(Chithunzi chikuwonetsa kuyesa kwa mlongoti wa RFMISO)
Chotsalira cha zipinda za anechoic ndikuti nthawi zambiri zimafunika kukhala zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri tinyanga timafunika kukhala motalikirana ndi wina ndi mzake pang'ono pang'ono kuti tifanizire momwe zinthu zilili kumunda wakutali. Chifukwa chake, pamafuridwe otsika okhala ndi mafunde akulu timafunikira zipinda zazikulu kwambiri, koma zopinga zotsika mtengo komanso zothandiza nthawi zambiri zimachepetsa kukula kwake. Makampani ena opanga ma contract achitetezo omwe amayezera Radar Cross Section ya ndege zazikulu kapena zinthu zina amadziwika kuti ali ndi zipinda za anechoic kukula kwa mabwalo a basketball, ngakhale izi sizachilendo. Mayunivesite okhala ndi zipinda za anechoic nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zipinda zomwe zimakhala kutalika kwa 3-5 metres, m'lifupi ndi kutalika. Chifukwa chazovuta za kukula, komanso chifukwa chotengera ma RF nthawi zambiri ku UHF ndi kupitilira apo, zipinda za anechoic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kuposa 300 MHz.
Mitundu Yokwera
Ma Range okwera ndi akunja. Pakukhazikitsa uku, gwero ndi mlongoti woyesedwa zimayikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Tinyanga timeneti titha kukhala pamapiri, nsanja, nyumba, kapena kulikonse komwe munthu angapeze kuti kuli koyenera. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa pa tinyanga zazikulu kwambiri kapena ma frequency otsika (VHF ndi pansi, <100 MHz) pomwe miyeso yamkati imakhala yosasunthika. Chithunzi choyambira chamtundu wokwezeka chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.
Chithunzi 2. Chithunzi chautali wokwezeka.
Mlongoti wa gwero (kapena mlongoti wolozera) sikuti uli pamalo okwera kuposa mlongoti woyeserera, ndangouwonetsa motere apa. Mzere wowonera (LOS) pakati pa tinyanga ziwiri (zowonetsedwa ndi cheza chakuda mu Chithunzi 2) uyenera kukhala wosatsekeka. Zowunikira zina zonse (monga cheza chofiyira chowonekera kuchokera pansi) ndizosafunikira. Pamilingo yokwezeka, pomwe pali gwero ndi mlongoti woyeserera, oyesa amawona komwe kuwunikirako kudzachitika, ndikuyesera kuchepetsa zowunikira kuchokera pamalowa. Nthawi zambiri rf absorbing material amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimapatutsa kuwala kutali ndi mlongoti woyesera.
Compact Ranges
Mlongoti woyambira uyenera kuyikidwa kumtunda wakutali wa mlongoti woyesera. Chifukwa chake ndikuti funde lomwe lalandilidwa ndi mlongoti woyeserera liyenera kukhala funde la ndege kuti likhale lolondola kwambiri. Popeza tinyanga timawala mafunde ozungulira, mlongotiyo uyenera kukhala patali mokwanira kotero kuti mafunde otuluka kuchokera komwe amayambira amakhala pafupifupi mafunde a ndege - onani Chithunzi 3.
Chithunzi 3. Mlongoti wochokera ku gwero umatulutsa mafunde okhala ndi mafunde ozungulira.
Komabe, kwa zipinda zamkati nthawi zambiri palibe kulekana kokwanira kuti akwaniritse izi. Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndi kudzera mu compact range. Munjira iyi, mlongoti wa gwero umalunjika ku chowunikira, chomwe mawonekedwe ake amapangidwa kuti aziwonetsa mafunde ozungulira mozungulira. Izi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mfundo yomwe mlongoti wa mbale umagwirira ntchito. Ntchito yoyambira ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4.
Chithunzi 4. Compact Range - mafunde ozungulira kuchokera kugwero la antenna amawonetsedwa kuti ndi planar (collimated).
Utali wa chowunikira chofananira nthawi zambiri umafunidwa kukhala wamkulu kangapo ngati mlongoti woyeserera. Mlongoti wa gwero mu Chithunzi 4 wachotsedwa pa chowunikira kotero kuti sichikuyenda munjira yowunikira. Kusamala kuyeneranso kuchitidwa kuti muteteze ma radiation achindunji (kulumikizana kogwirizana) kuchokera pagwero la mlongoti kupita ku mlongoti woyesera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-03-2024
