AntenaKuyeza ndi njira yowunikira ndi kusanthula magwiridwe antchito a antenna ndi makhalidwe ake. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoyesera ndi njira zoyezera, timayesa kuchuluka, mawonekedwe a radiation, chiŵerengero cha mafunde oima, mayankho a pafupipafupi ndi magawo ena a antenna kuti titsimikizire ngati mapangidwe a antenna akukwaniritsa zofunikira, kuyang'ana magwiridwe antchito a antenna, ndikupereka malingaliro owongolera. Zotsatira ndi deta kuchokera ku kuyeza kwa antenna zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika magwiridwe antchito a antenna, kukonza mapangidwe, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a makina, ndikupereka chitsogozo ndi mayankho kwa opanga antenna ndi mainjiniya a mapulogalamu.
Zipangizo Zofunikira mu Miyeso ya Antena
Pa kuyesa kwa antenna, chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri ndi VNA. Mtundu wosavuta wa VNA ndi VNA yokhala ndi doko limodzi, yomwe imatha kuyeza kulephera kwa antenna.
Kuyeza mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa antenna, kukula kwake, ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwake n'kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafuna zida zambiri. Tidzatcha antenna kuti iyezedwe ndi AUT, yomwe imayimira Antenna Under Test. Zipangizo zofunika poyezera antenna ndi izi:
Antena yofotokozera - Antena yokhala ndi makhalidwe odziwika (kuchuluka, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zotero)
Chotumiza Mphamvu cha RF - Njira yolowetsa mphamvu mu AUT [Antena Ikuyesedwa]
Dongosolo lolandirira - Izi zimatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe antenna yowunikira imalandira
Dongosolo loyika malo - Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira antenna yoyesera poyerekeza ndi antenna yoyambira, kuyeza mawonekedwe a radiation ngati ntchito ya ngodya.
Chithunzi cha chipika cha zida zomwe zili pamwambapa chikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1.
Chithunzi 1. Chithunzi cha zida zoyezera antenna zofunika.
Zigawozi zidzakambidwa mwachidule. Antena Yofotokozera iyenera kufalikira bwino pafupipafupi yoyesera yomwe mukufuna. Antena zofotokozera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma antenna a nyanga ziwiri, kotero kuti polarization yopingasa ndi yoyima imatha kuyezedwa nthawi imodzi.
Dongosolo Lotumizira liyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yokhazikika yodziwika. Ma frequency otulutsa ayeneranso kukhala osinthika (osasankhidwa), komanso okhazikika mokwanira (okhazikika amatanthauza kuti ma frequency omwe mumapeza kuchokera ku chotumizira ali pafupi ndi ma frequency omwe mukufuna, sasiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha). Chotumiziracho chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri pama frequency ena onse (nthawi zonse padzakhala mphamvu zina kunja kwa ma frequency omwe mukufuna, koma sikuyenera kukhala mphamvu zambiri pa ma harmonics, mwachitsanzo).
Dongosolo Lolandirira limangofunika kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimalandiridwa kuchokera ku antenna yoyesera. Izi zitha kuchitika kudzera mu choyezera mphamvu chosavuta, chomwe ndi chipangizo choyezera mphamvu ya RF (ma frequency a wailesi) ndipo chingalumikizidwe mwachindunji ku ma terminal a antenna kudzera mu chingwe chotumizira (monga chingwe cha coaxial chokhala ndi zolumikizira za mtundu wa N kapena SMA). Kawirikawiri cholandirira chimakhala ndi makina a 50 Ohm, koma chingakhale chosiyana ngati chatchulidwa.
Dziwani kuti njira yotumizira/yolandira nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa ndi VNA. Muyeso wa S21 umatumiza ma frequency kuchokera ku doko 1 ndipo umalemba mphamvu yolandiridwa pa doko 2. Chifukwa chake, VNA ndiyoyenera ntchitoyi; komabe si njira yokhayo yochitira ntchitoyi.
Dongosolo Loyang'anira Malo limawongolera momwe antenna yoyesera imayendera. Popeza tikufuna kuyeza mawonekedwe a radiation a antenna yoyesera ngati ngodya (nthawi zambiri mu ma coordinates ozungulira), tiyenera kuzungulira antenna yoyesera kuti antenna yoyambira iunikire antenna yoyesera kuchokera mbali iliyonse yomwe ingatheke. Dongosolo loyang'anira malo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi. Mu Chithunzi 1, tikuwonetsa AUT ikuzunguliridwa. Dziwani kuti pali njira zambiri zochitira kuzungulira uku; nthawi zina antenna yowunikira imazunguliridwa, ndipo nthawi zina antenna zonse za reference ndi AUT zimazunguliridwa.
Tsopano popeza tili ndi zida zonse zofunika, tikhoza kukambirana komwe tingayezere.
Kodi malo abwino oyezera ma antenna athu ndi ati? Mwina mungafune kuchita izi mu garaja yanu, koma kuwunikira kuchokera m'makoma, padenga ndi pansi kungapangitse kuti muyeso wanu ukhale wolakwika. Malo abwino oyezera ma antenna ndi kwinakwake mumlengalenga, komwe kulibe kuwunikira komwe kungachitike. Komabe, chifukwa kuyenda mumlengalenga pakadali pano ndi kokwera mtengo kwambiri, tiyang'ana kwambiri malo oyezera omwe ali pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi. Anechoic Chamber ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatula njira yoyesera ma antenna pamene ikutenga mphamvu yowunikira ndi thovu loyamwa la RF.
Malo Opanda Malo (Anechoic Chambers)
Malo osungira malo ndi malo oyezera ma antenna omwe adapangidwa kuti ayerekezere miyeso yomwe ingachitike mumlengalenga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mafunde onse owonetsedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zapafupi ndi pansi (zomwe sizoyenera) amachepetsedwa momwe angathere. Malo osungira malo osungira malo otchuka kwambiri ndi zipinda zopanda ma echoic, malo okwera, ndi malo ochepa.
Anechoic Chambers
Zipinda za Anechoic ndi ma antenna amkati. Makoma, denga ndi pansi zili ndi zinthu zapadera zoyamwa mafunde amagetsi. Ma electromagnetic wave stabilizer ndi ofunikira chifukwa mikhalidwe yoyesera imatha kulamulidwa bwino kwambiri kuposa ya panja. Zinthuzo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipindazi zikhale zosangalatsa kuziwona. Mawonekedwe a triangle ozungulira amapangidwa kuti zomwe zimawonekera kuchokera pamenepo zizifalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zomwe zimawonjezeredwa pamodzi kuchokera ku ma antenna onse ozungulira nthawi zambiri zimawonjezera mosamveka ndipo motero zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Chithunzi cha chipinda cha Anechoic chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chotsatira, pamodzi ndi zida zina zoyesera:
(Chithunzi chikuwonetsa mayeso a RFMISO antenna)
Vuto la zipinda zopanda mafunde ndilakuti nthawi zambiri zimafunika kukhala zazikulu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ma antenna amafunika kukhala ndi mafunde angapo kutali kuti ayerekezere momwe zinthu zilili kutali. Chifukwa chake, pamafupipafupi otsika okhala ndi mafunde akuluakulu timafunikira zipinda zazikulu kwambiri, koma zoletsa mtengo ndi zogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri zimachepetsa kukula kwawo. Makampani ena oteteza omwe amayesa Radar Cross Section ya ndege zazikulu kapena zinthu zina amadziwika kuti ali ndi zipinda zopanda mafunde zazikulu ngati bwalo la basketball, ngakhale izi sizofala. Mayunivesite okhala ndi zipinda zopanda mafunde nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 3-5, m'lifupi ndi kutalika. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, komanso chifukwa chakuti zinthu zomwe zimayamwa RF nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito bwino pa UHF ndi kupitirira apo, zipinda zopanda mafunde nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafupipafupi opitilira 300 MHz.
Mapiri Okwezeka
Ma Elevated Ranges ndi ma outdoor ranges. Mu dongosololi, gwero ndi antenna yomwe ikuyesedwa zimayikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Ma antenna awa akhoza kukhala pamapiri, nsanja, nyumba, kapena kulikonse komwe munthu angapeze kuti ndikoyenera. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pa ma antenna akuluakulu kwambiri kapena pama frequency otsika (VHF ndi pansi, <100 MHz) komwe kuyeza kwamkati sikungatheke. Chithunzi choyambirira cha ma mtunda okwera chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.
Chithunzi 2. Chithunzi cha malo okwera.
Antena yoyambira (kapena antenna yowunikira) sikuti imakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri kuposa antenna yoyesera, ndangowonetsa mwanjira imeneyi apa. Mzere wowonekera (LOS) pakati pa ma antenna awiri (wowonetsedwa ndi ray wakuda mu Chithunzi 2) uyenera kukhala wosatsekedwa. Ma reflection ena onse (monga red ray yomwe imawonetsedwa kuchokera pansi) ndi osafunikira. Pamalo okwera, akangodziwika malo a antenna yoyesera ndi malo ake, oyendetsa mayeso amazindikira komwe ma reflection ofunikira adzachitikira, ndikuyesera kuchepetsa ma reflection ochokera pamalo awa. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zoyamwa za rf zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimachotsa ma ray kutali ndi antenna yoyesera.
Ma Ranges Ochepa
Antena yoyambira iyenera kuyikidwa m'munda wakutali wa antena yoyesera. Chifukwa chake ndichakuti mafunde omwe alandiridwa ndi antena yoyesera ayenera kukhala mafunde a plane kuti akhale olondola kwambiri. Popeza antena amawonetsa mafunde ozungulira, antena iyenera kukhala patali mokwanira kotero kuti mafunde omwe amachokera ku antena yoyambira amakhala pafupifupi mafunde a plane - onani Chithunzi 3.
Chithunzi 3. Antena yoyambira imatulutsa mafunde okhala ndi mafunde ozungulira.
Komabe, m'zipinda zamkati nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusiyana kokwanira kuti izi zitheke. Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndi kudzera mu mzere wopapatiza. Mu njira iyi, antenna yoyambira imalunjika ku chowunikira, chomwe mawonekedwe ake amapangidwa kuti awonetse mafunde ozungulira mwanjira yozungulira. Izi zikufanana kwambiri ndi mfundo yomwe antenna yozungulira imagwirira ntchito. Ntchito yoyambira ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4.
Chithunzi 4. Compact Range - mafunde ozungulira ochokera ku antenna yoyambira amawonetsedwa ngati ozungulira (okhala ndi ma collimated).
Kutalika kwa chowunikira cha parabolic nthawi zambiri kumafunidwa kuti kukhale kokulirapo kangapo kuposa antenna yoyesera. Antena yoyambira yomwe ili pa Chithunzi 4 imachotsedwa pa chowunikira kuti isasokoneze kuwala kowunikira. Muyeneranso kusamala kuti musunge kuwala kulikonse kolunjika (kulumikizana) kuchokera ku antenna yoyambira kupita ku antenna yoyesera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-03-2024
