Kuchita bwino kwamlongotilimatanthauza kuthekera kwa antenna kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi zolowera kukhala mphamvu yowala. Mu kulumikizana popanda zingwe, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa antenna kumakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la kutumiza ma signal ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa antenna kungafotokozedwe ndi njira yotsatirayi:
Kugwira Ntchito Mwachangu = (Mphamvu Yowala / Mphamvu Yolowera) * 100%
Pakati pawo, mphamvu yowala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku antenna, ndipo mphamvu yolowera ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku antenna.
Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa antenna kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe ka antenna, zipangizo, kukula kwake, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Kawirikawiri, antenna ikagwira bwino ntchito, imatha kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimalowa kukhala mphamvu yowala, motero imakweza ubwino wa kutumiza chizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Chifukwa chake, kuchita bwino ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga ndi kusankha ma antenna, makamaka pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kutumiza kwakutali kapena zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu molimbika.
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ma antenna
Chithunzi 1
Lingaliro la kugwira ntchito bwino kwa antenna lingathe kufotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Chithunzi 1.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya antenna e0 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kutayika kwa antenna pazolowera komanso mkati mwa kapangidwe ka antenna. Potengera Chithunzi 1(b), kutayika kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha:
1. Kuwunikira chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa chingwe chotumizira ndi antenna;
2. Kutayika kwa kondakitala ndi dielectric.
Mphamvu yonse ya antenna ingapezeke kuchokera ku fomula iyi:
Ndiko kuti, kugwira ntchito bwino konse = zotsatira za kusalingana bwino, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kondakitala ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa dielectric.
Kawirikawiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwerengera momwe conductor imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe dielectric imagwirira ntchito, koma zimatha kudziwika ndi zoyeserera. Komabe, zoyeserera sizingasiyanitse kutayika kuwiri, kotero njira yomwe ili pamwambapa ikhoza kulembedwanso motere:
ecd ndiye mphamvu ya radiation ya antenna ndipo Γ ndiye coefficient yowunikira.
2. Kupindula ndi Kupeza Phindu
Muyeso wina wothandiza pofotokoza momwe antenna imagwirira ntchito ndi phindu. Ngakhale phindu la antenna limagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitsogozo, ndi gawo lomwe limaganizira momwe antenna imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imatsogolera. Chitsogozo ndi gawo lomwe limangofotokoza makhalidwe a antenna, kotero limatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a radiation.
Kuchuluka kwa antenna mbali ina kumatanthauzidwa kuti "kuchulukitsa nthawi 4π chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya radiation mbali imeneyo ku mphamvu yonse yolowera." Ngati palibe njira yodziwika, kuchuluka kwa radiation mbali ina kumatengedwa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri pamakhala:
Kawirikawiri, limatanthauza phindu loyerekeza, lomwe limatanthauzidwa ngati "chiŵerengero cha phindu la mphamvu mbali ina ku mphamvu ya antenna yofotokozera mbali ina". Mphamvu yolowera ku antenna iyi iyenera kukhala yofanana. Antena yofotokozera ikhoza kukhala vibrator, horn kapena antenna ina. Nthawi zambiri, gwero losalunjika limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antenna yofotokozera. Chifukwa chake:
Ubale pakati pa mphamvu yonse yowala ndi mphamvu yonse yolowera ndi motere:
Malinga ndi muyezo wa IEEE, "Gain sikuphatikizapo kutayika chifukwa cha impedance mismatch (reflection loss) ndi polarization mismatch (loss)." Pali mfundo ziwiri za gain, imodzi imatchedwa gain (G) ndipo inayo imatchedwa achievable gain (Gre), zomwe zimaganizira kutayika kwa reflection/mismatch.
Ubale pakati pa phindu ndi chitsogozo ndi:
Ngati antenna ikugwirizana bwino ndi chingwe chotumizira mauthenga, ndiko kuti, impedance yolowera ya antenna Zin ndi yofanana ndi impedance ya khalidwe Zc ya mzere (|Γ| = 0), ndiye kuti phindu ndi phindu lotheka ndi lofanana (Gre = G).
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-14-2024
