Kapangidwe kaantenna ya microstripKawirikawiri imakhala ndi gawo la dielectric, radiator ndi mbale ya pansi. Kukhuthala kwa gawo la dielectric ndi kochepa kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa nthawi. Gawo lopyapyala lachitsulo lomwe lili pansi pa gawo la pansi limalumikizidwa ndi mbale ya pansi. Kutsogolo, gawo lopyapyala lachitsulo lokhala ndi mawonekedwe enaake limapangidwa kudzera mu njira ya photolithography ngati radiator. Mawonekedwe a mbale yowala amatha kusinthidwa m'njira zambiri malinga ndi zofunikira.
Kukwera kwa ukadaulo wophatikiza ma microwave ndi njira zatsopano zopangira zinthu kwalimbikitsa chitukuko cha ma antenna a microstrip. Poyerekeza ndi ma antenna achikhalidwe, ma antenna a microstrip si ang'onoang'ono okha, ndi opepuka, otsika mawonekedwe, osavuta kufananiza, osavuta kuphatikiza, otsika mtengo, komanso oyenera kupanga zinthu zambiri, komanso ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana.
Njira zinayi zoyambira zodyetsera ma antenna a microstrip ndi izi:
1. (Microstrip Feed): Iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zodyetsera ma antenna a microstrip. Chizindikiro cha RF chimatumizidwa ku gawo lowala la antenna kudzera mu mzere wa microstrip, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu kulumikizana pakati pa mzere wa microstrip ndi chigamba chowala. Njira iyi ndi yosavuta komanso yosinthasintha ndipo ndi yoyenera kupanga ma antenna ambiri a microstrip.
2. (Cholumikizira Cholumikizira Chotsegula): Njira iyi imagwiritsa ntchito mipata kapena mabowo omwe ali pa mbale ya antenna ya microstrip kuti ilowetse mzere wa microstrip mu gawo lowala la antenna. Njirayi ingapereke kufananiza bwino kwa impedance ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ma radiation, komanso ingathandize kuchepetsa m'lifupi mwa mipiringidzo yopingasa ndi yowongoka ya mbali.
3. (Proximity Coupled Feed): Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito oscillator kapena inductive element pafupi ndi microstrip line kuti ilowetse chizindikiro mu antenna. Ikhoza kupereka impedance yofanana kwambiri komanso frequency band yokulirapo, ndipo ndiyoyenera kupanga ma antenna a wide-band.
4. (Coaxial Feed): Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mawaya a coplanar kapena zingwe za coaxial kuti ipereke zizindikiro za RF mu gawo lowala la antenna. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imapereka kufananiza bwino kwa impedance ndi mphamvu ya radiation, ndipo ndi yoyenera makamaka pazochitika zomwe mawonekedwe a antenna imodzi amafunika.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zodyetsera zidzakhudza kufanana kwa impedance, mawonekedwe a ma frequency, mphamvu ya radiation ndi kapangidwe ka thupi ka antenna.
Momwe mungasankhire malo odyetsera a coaxial a antenna ya microstrip
Popanga antenna ya microstrip, kusankha malo a coaxial feed point ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti antenna igwire ntchito bwino. Nazi njira zina zomwe mungatsatire posankha coaxial feed points za microstrip antennas:
1. Kusinthasintha: Yesani kusankha malo olumikizirana pakati pa antenna ya microstrip kuti musunge kusinthasintha kwa antenna. Izi zimathandiza kukonza mphamvu ya radiation ya antenna komanso kufananiza kwa impedance.
2. Kumene gawo lamagetsi lili lalikulu kwambiri: Malo operekera chakudya cha coaxial amasankhidwa bwino pamalo pomwe gawo lamagetsi la antenna ya microstrip ndi lalikulu kwambiri, zomwe zingathandize kuti chakudya chigwire bwino ntchito ndikuchepetsa kutayika.
3. Kumene mphamvu yamagetsi ili yayikulu: Malo operekera mphamvu ya coaxial amatha kusankhidwa pafupi ndi malo omwe mphamvu yamagetsi ya antenna ya microstrip ili yayikulu kuti mupeze mphamvu yamagetsi komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
4. Malo olowera magetsi opanda magetsi mu single mode: Mu kapangidwe ka microstrip antenna, ngati mukufuna kupeza single mode radiation, coaxial feed point nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa pa zero electric field point mu single mode kuti ikwaniritse bwino impedance matching ndi radiation.
5. Kusanthula ma frequency ndi ma waveform: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyeserera kuti mufufuze ma frequency ndi kusanthula kwa magetsi/kugawa kwa magetsi kuti mudziwe malo abwino kwambiri a coaxial feed point.
6. Ganizirani za komwe kuwala kumalowera: Ngati pakufunika zizindikiro za kuwala komwe kuli ndi malangizo enaake, malo omwe kuli malo odyetserako mpweya (coaxial feed point) akhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe kuwalako kumayendera kuti mupeze mphamvu ya kuwala kwa antenna yomwe mukufuna.
Mu njira yeniyeni yopangira, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuphatikiza njira zomwe zili pamwambapa ndikupeza malo abwino kwambiri operekera chakudya cha coaxial kudzera mu kusanthula koyerekeza ndi zotsatira zenizeni zoyezera kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga ndi zizindikiro za magwiridwe antchito a antenna ya microstrip. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya antenna ya microstrip (monga ma patch antenna, ma antenna a helical, ndi zina zotero) ikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zina zofunika posankha malo a coaxial feed point, zomwe zimafuna kusanthula ndi kukonza kwapadera kutengera mtundu wa antenna ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
Kusiyana pakati pa antenna ya microstrip ndi antenna ya patch
Antena ya Microstrip ndi antena ya patch ndi antena awiri ang'onoang'ono odziwika bwino. Ali ndi kusiyana ndi makhalidwe ena:
1. Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake:
- Antena ya microstrip nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chigamba cha microstrip ndi mbale yonyowa. Chigamba cha microstrip chimagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chowala ndipo chimalumikizidwa ku mbale yonyowa kudzera mu chingwe cha microstrip.
- Ma antenna a patch nthawi zambiri amakhala ma conductor patches omwe amalembedwa mwachindunji pa dielectric substrate ndipo safuna mizere ya microstrip monga ma antenna a microstrip.
2. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe:
- Ma antenna a microstrip ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma frequency band a microwave, ndipo ali ndi kapangidwe kosinthasintha.
- Ma antenna a patch angapangidwenso kuti azioneka ngati ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina, kukula kwawo kungakhale kochepa.
3. Mafupipafupi:
- Ma antenna a microstrip amatha kukhala ndi ma megahertz mazana ambiri mpaka ma gigahertz angapo, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ena a broadband.
- Ma antenna a patch nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito bwino m'ma frequency band enaake ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma frequency enaake.
4. Njira yopangira:
- Ma antenna a microstrip nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa bolodi lozungulira losindikizidwa, lomwe limatha kupangidwa mochuluka komanso kukhala ndi mtengo wotsika.
- Ma antenna a patch nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon kapena zipangizo zina zapadera, ali ndi zofunikira zina zogwirira ntchito, ndipo ndi oyenera kupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono.
5. Makhalidwe a polarization:
- Ma antenna a microstrip angapangidwe kuti azitha kusinthasintha molunjika kapena kusinthasintha mozungulira, zomwe zimawapatsa kusinthasintha kwina.
- Makhalidwe a polarization a ma patch antenna nthawi zambiri amadalira kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka antenna ndipo sasinthasintha ngati ma microstrip antenna.
Kawirikawiri, ma antenna a microstrip ndi ma antenna a patch amasiyana mu kapangidwe kake, kuchuluka kwa ma frequency, ndi njira zopangira. Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa antenna kuyenera kutengera zofunikira zinazake zogwiritsira ntchito komanso malingaliro a kapangidwe kake.
Malangizo a mankhwala a Microstrip antenna:
RM-MPA1725-9（1.7-2.5GHz）
RM-MPA2225-9（2.2-2.5GHz）
RM-MA25527-22 (25.5-27GHz)
RM-MA424435-22(4.25-4.35GHz)
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-19-2024
