Ma microwave antennas amasintha ma siginecha amagetsi kukhala mafunde amagetsi (ndi mosemphanitsa) pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa mwaluso. Kuchita kwawo kumadalira mfundo zazikulu zitatu:
1. Kusintha kwa Mafunde a Electromagnetic
Njira Yotumizira:
Zizindikiro za RF kuchokera pamayendedwe otumizira kudzera pamitundu yolumikizira mlongoti (mwachitsanzo, SMA, mtundu wa N) kupita kumalo opangira chakudya. Zinthu zoyendetsera mlongoti (nyanga/dipoles) zimapanga mafunde kukhala mizati yolunjika.
Landirani Mode:
Mafunde a EM amayambitsa mafunde mu mlongoti, kusinthidwa kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi kwa wolandila.
2. Directivity & Radiation Control
Kuwongolera kwa antenna kumatsimikizira kuyang'ana kwa mtengo. Mlongoti wolunjika kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, nyanga) umayika mphamvu mu ma lobes opapatiza, olamulidwa ndi:
Kuwongolera (dBi) ≈ 10 chipika₁₀(4πA/λ²)
Kumene A = malo otsegula, λ = kutalika kwa kutalika.
Zopangira ma antenna a Microwave ngati mbale za parabolic zimakwaniritsa>30 dBi mwachindunji pamalumikizidwe a satellite.
3. Zigawo Zofunika Kwambiri & Maudindo Awo
| Chigawo | Ntchito | Chitsanzo |
|---|---|---|
| Radiating Element | Amasintha magetsi-EM mphamvu | Patch, dipole, slot |
| Feed Network | Amawongolera mafunde osataya pang'ono | Waveguide, mzere wa microstrip |
| Zigawo za Passive | Wonjezerani kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro | Zosintha magawo, polarizers |
| Zolumikizira | Cholumikizira ndi mizere yopatsira | 2.92mm (40GHz), 7/16 (High Pwr) |
4. Mapangidwe Okhazikika Okhazikika
<6 GHz: Minyanga ya Microstrip imalamulira kukula kophatikizika.
> 18 GHz: Nyanga za Waveguide zimapambana pakuwonongeka kochepa.
Chofunikira Chofunikira: Kufananiza kosagwirizana ndi zolumikizira za antenna kumalepheretsa zowunikira (VSWR <1.5).
Ntchito Zapadziko Lonse:
5G Massive MIMO: Mipikisano ya Microstrip yokhala ndi zida zongoyang'anira.
Radar Systems: Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa antenna kumatsimikizira kutsata kolondola.
Satellite Comms: Zowunikira za Parabolic zimakwaniritsa bwino 99% pobowola.
Kutsiliza: Nyanga za ma microwave zimadalira kumveka kwa ma electromagnetic, mitundu yolumikizira yolondola ya mlongoti, ndi kuwongolera kowongolera kwa mlongoti potumiza/kulandira ma siginecha. Zogulitsa zapamwamba za ma microwave antenna zimaphatikiza zinthu zongokhala kuti zichepetse kutayika ndikukulitsa kuchuluka.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za antennas, chonde pitani:
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-15-2025
