Ma antenna a microwave amasintha zizindikiro zamagetsi kukhala mafunde amagetsi (ndi mosemphanitsa) pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opangidwa bwino. Kugwira ntchito kwawo kumadalira mfundo zitatu zazikulu:
1. Kusintha kwa Mafunde a Magetsi
Njira Yotumizira:
Zizindikiro za RF kuchokera ku chotumizira zimadutsa kudzera mu mitundu yolumikizira ma antenna (monga, SMA, N-type) kupita ku malo operekera chakudya. Zinthu zoyendetsera ma antenna (nyanga/ma dipole) zimapanga mafunde kukhala mafunde olunjika.
Njira Yolandirira:
Mafunde a EM omwe amachitika mwadzidzidzi amayambitsa mafunde mu antenna, ndikusinthidwa kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi za wolandila
2. Kuwongolera ndi Kuwongolera Ma radiation
Kuwongolera kwa antenna kumayesa kuyang'ana kwa kuwala. Antena yowongolera kwambiri (monga nyanga) imasunga mphamvu m'malo opapatiza, olamulidwa ndi:
Malangizo (dBi) ≈ 10 log₁₀(4πA/λ²)
Kumene A = malo otseguka, λ = kutalika kwa mafunde.
Zinthu za antenna za microwave monga mbale za parabolic zimakwaniritsa malangizo opitilira 30 dBi pamaulalo a satellite.
3. Zigawo Zofunika ndi Ntchito Zawo
| Chigawo | Ntchito | Chitsanzo |
|---|---|---|
| Chinthu Chowala | Amasintha mphamvu zamagetsi-EM | Chigamba, dipole, malo olowetsa |
| Netiweki Yodyetsa | Mafunde otsogolera ndi kutayika kochepa | Waveguide, mzere wa microstrip |
| Zigawo Zosasinthika | Limbikitsani umphumphu wa chizindikiro | Ma Phase shifters, ma polarizers |
| Zolumikizira | Chiyanjano ndi mizere yotumizira | 2.92mm (40GHz), 7/16 (High Pwr) |
4. Kapangidwe ka Mafupipafupi
< 6 GHz: Ma antenna a microstrip ndi omwe amalamulira kukula kwake kochepa.
> 18 GHz: Ma Waveguide horns ndi abwino kwambiri chifukwa sataya mphamvu zambiri.
Chofunika Kwambiri: Kufananiza kwa Impedance pa zolumikizira za antenna kumalepheretsa kuwunikira (VSWR <1.5).
Mapulogalamu a Padziko Lonse:
5G Massive MIMO: Ma microstrip arrays okhala ndi zinthu zopanda ntchito zoyendetsera beam.
Makina a Radar: Kuwongolera kwa antenna kwapamwamba kumatsimikizira kutsata kolondola kwa cholinga.
Ma Satellite Comms: Zowunikira za parabolic zimapeza mphamvu ya 99% yotsegula.
Pomaliza: Ma antenna a microwave amadalira mphamvu yamagetsi, mitundu yolumikizira ma antenna molondola, ndi njira yabwino yoyendetsera ma antenna kuti atumize/kulandira ma signali. Zinthu zapamwamba za ma antenna a microwave zimaphatikiza zinthu zopanda ntchito kuti zichepetse kutayika ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma antenna.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-15-2025
