Polarization ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira za tinyanga. Choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa polarization ya mafunde a ndege. Kenako titha kukambirana zamitundu yayikulu yapolarization ya antenna.
polarization ya mzere
Tidzayamba kumvetsetsa polarization ya plane electromagnetic wave.
Mafunde a planar electromagnetic (EM) ali ndi mawonekedwe angapo. Choyamba ndi chakuti mphamvu imayenda mbali imodzi (palibe kusintha kwa gawo mu njira ziwiri za orthogonal). Chachiwiri, gawo lamagetsi ndi maginito ndi perpendicular kwa wina ndi mzake ndi orthogonal kwa wina ndi mzake. Magetsi ndi maginito minda perpendicular kwa malangizo ndege kufalitsa mafunde. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani gawo lamagetsi lamtundu umodzi (E field) loperekedwa ndi equation (1). Malo amagetsi amagetsi akuyenda ku + z. Malo amagetsi amawongoleredwa ku + x njira. Mphamvu ya maginito ili kumbali ya +y.
Mu equation (1), onani mawu akuti:. Iyi ndi vector ya unit (vector of length), yomwe imanena kuti malo amagetsi ali mu x direction. Mafunde a ndege akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.
chithunzi 1. Chifaniziro chojambula cha malo amagetsi oyendayenda mu + z.
Polarization ndi njira yotsatsira ndi kufalikira kwa malo amagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za equation yamagetsi yamagetsi ya ndege (1). Tidzawona malo omwe malo amagetsi ali (X,Y,Z) = (0,0,0) ngati ntchito ya nthawi. Kukula kwa gawoli kumakonzedwa mu Chithunzi 2, nthawi zingapo pakapita nthawi. Mundawu ukuyenda pafupipafupi "F".
chithunzi 2. Yang'anani mphamvu yamagetsi (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Munda wamagetsi umawonedwa pa chiyambi, oscillating mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo mu matalikidwe. Malo amagetsi nthawi zonse amakhala motsatira x-axis. Popeza malo amagetsi amasungidwa pamzere umodzi, gawoli likhoza kunenedwa kuti liri ndi polarized. Kuonjezera apo, ngati X-axis ili yofanana ndi nthaka, gawoli limafotokozedwanso kuti ndi polarized polarized. Ngati gawolo likuyang'ana pa Y-axis, mafundewa amatha kunenedwa kuti ndi polarized polarized.
Mafunde okhala ndi polarized mafunde safunikira kuwongoleredwa molunjika kapena molunjika. Mwachitsanzo, funde lamagetsi lamagetsi lomwe lili ndi chopinga chomwe chili pamzere monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3 chikhozanso kupangidwa motsatira polarized.
chithunzi 3. Kukula kwa magetsi kumunda wa mafunde omwe ali ndi polarized wave omwe njira yake ndi ngodya.
Munda wamagetsi mu Chithunzi 3 ukhoza kufotokozedwa ndi equation (2). Tsopano pali gawo la x ndi y la gawo lamagetsi. Zigawo zonse ziwiri ndi zofanana kukula.
Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kudziwa za equation (2) ndi gawo la xy ndi zamagetsi mu gawo lachiwiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zigawo zonsezi zimakhala ndi matalikidwe ofanana nthawi zonse.
polarization yozungulira
Tsopano lingalirani kuti gawo lamagetsi la mafunde a ndege limaperekedwa ndi equation (3):
Pamenepa, X- ndi Y-elements ndi 90 madigiri kunja kwa gawo. Ngati malowo awonedwa ngati (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0)nso monga kale, gawo lamagetsi ndi nthawi yokhotakhota lidzawonekera monga momwe zilili pansipa pa chithunzi 4.
Chithunzi 4. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (X, Y, Z) = (0,0,0) EQ domain. (3).
Munda wamagetsi mu Chithunzi 4 umazungulira mozungulira. Munda wamtunduwu umafotokozedwa ngati mafunde ozungulira polarized. Pakupanga polarization yozungulira, zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:
- Standard polarization zozungulira
- Munda wamagetsi uyenera kukhala ndi zigawo ziwiri za orthogonal (perpendicular).
- Zigawo za orthogonal za gawo lamagetsi ziyenera kukhala ndi amplitudes ofanana.
- Zigawo za quadrature ziyenera kukhala madigiri 90 kunja kwa gawo.
Ngati mukuyenda pa chiwonetsero cha Wave Figure 4, kuzungulira kwamunda kumanenedwa kuti ndi kofanana ndi kumanja komanso dzanja lamanja lozungulira polarized (RHCP). Ngati gawolo lizunguliridwa molunjika, gawolo lidzakhala lozungulira polarization (LHCP) ndi dzanja lamanzere.
Elliptical polarization
Ngati gawo lamagetsi lili ndi zigawo ziwiri za perpendicular, madigiri 90 kunja kwa gawo koma kukula kofanana, mundawu udzakhala elliptically polarized. Poganizira gawo lamagetsi la mafunde a ndege omwe akuyenda molowera ku +z, ofotokozedwa ndi Equation (4):
Malo omwe nsonga ya vector yamagetsi idzatengedwe ikuperekedwa mu Chithunzi 5.
Chithunzi 5. Kuthamanga kwa elliptical polarization wave magetsi kumunda. (4).
Munda wa Chithunzi 5, woyenda molunjika, ungakhale wozungulira kumanja ngati ukuyenda kuchokera pazenera. Ngati vesi lamagetsi lamagetsi likuzungulira mbali ina, gawolo lidzakhala lamanzere la elliptically polarized.
Kuphatikiza apo, elliptical polarization imatanthawuza kukhazikika kwake. Chiŵerengero cha eccentricity ndi matalikidwe a nkhwangwa zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Mwachitsanzo, mafunde a eccentricity kuchokera ku equation (4) ndi 1/0.3 = 3.33. Mafunde a elliptically polarized akufotokozedwanso motsogozedwa ndi axis yayikulu. Mafunde a equation (4) ali ndi axis makamaka yomwe imakhala ndi x-axis. Zindikirani kuti olamulira akulu akhoza kukhala pa ngodya iliyonse ya ndege. Ngodyayo sikufunika kuti igwirizane ndi X, Y kapena Z. Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti polarization yozungulira komanso yozungulira ndizochitika zapadera za elliptical polarization. 1.0 eccentric elliptically polarized wave ndi yozungulira polarized wave. Mafunde a elliptically polarized ndi eccentricity yopanda malire. Linearly polarized mafunde.
Polarization ya antenna
Tsopano popeza tikudziwa za polarized plane wave electromagnetic fields, polarization ya antenna imangofotokozedwa.
Polarization ya Antenna Kuwunika kwakutali kwa mlongoti, polarization ya gawo lomwe limatuluka. Chifukwa chake, tinyanga tating'ono ting'onoting'ono nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa kuti "zozungulira polarized" kapena "zanja lakumanja lozungulira polarized polarized".
Lingaliro losavuta ili ndi lofunikira pakulankhulana kwa mlongoti. Choyamba, mlongoti wa polarized polarized silumikizana ndi mlongoti womwe uli ndi polarized polarized. Chifukwa cha theorem yofanana, mlongoti umatumiza ndikulandila chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chake, tinyanga tating'ono ta polarized timatumiza ndikulandila magawo omwe ali ndi polarized. Chifukwa chake, ngati muyesa kutulutsa mlongoti wopindika mozungulira, sipadzakhala kulandira.
Nthawi zambiri, pa tinyanga ziwiri zozungulira polarized mozungulira mozungulira wina ndi mzake ndi ngodya ( ), kutayika kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kumeneku kudzafotokozedwa ndi polarization loss factor (PLF):
Chifukwa chake, ngati tinyanga ziwiri zili ndi polarization yofanana, ngodya yapakati pa minda yawo ya ma elekitironi yowunikira imakhala ziro ndipo palibe kutaya mphamvu chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa polarization. Ngati mlongoti umodzi uli ndi polarized ndipo inayo ndi yopingasa, ngodyayo ndi madigiri 90, ndipo palibe mphamvu yomwe idzasamutsidwe.
ZINDIKIRANI: Kusuntha foni pamutu panu kumakona osiyanasiyana kumatanthawuza chifukwa chake nthawi zina kulandila kumawonjezeka. Tinyanga za foni yam'manja nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi polarized, kotero kuti kusinthasintha kwa foni nthawi zambiri kumatha kugwirizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa foni, motero kumathandizira kulandilidwa.
Kuzungulira polarization ndi khalidwe lofunika la tinyanga zambiri. Tinyanga zonse ziwirizi zimakhala ndi polarized ndipo sizimavutika ndi kutayika kwa ma sign chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa polarization. Tinyanga tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina a GPS ndizozungulira kumanja mozungulira.
Tsopano lingalirani kuti mlongoti wozungulira polarized umalandira mafunde ozungulira. Mofananamo, lingalirani kuti mlongoti wozungulira polarized amayesa kulandira mafunde ozungulira. Chotsatira cha polarization loss factor ndi chiyani?
Kumbukirani kuti circular polarization kwenikweni ndi mafunde awiri a orthogonal linearly polarized, 90 degrees kunja kwa gawo. Chifukwa chake, mlongoti wa polarized (LP) umangolandira gawo la gawo lozungulira polarized (CP). Chifukwa chake, mlongoti wa LP udzakhala ndi kutayika kosagwirizana ndi 0.5 (-3dB). Izi ndi zoona ngakhale mlongoti wa LP uzunguliridwa ndi mbali yotani. Chifukwa chake:
Polarization loss factor nthawi zina imatchedwa polarization performance, antenna mismatch factor, kapena antenna reception factor. Mayina onsewa amatchula mfundo imodzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-22-2023
