Nkhani - Mfundo yopezera antenna, momwe mungawerengere phindu la antenna

Kupeza ma antenna kumatanthauza kufalikira kwa mphamvu ya antenna mbali inayake poyerekeza ndi antenna yoyambira malo abwino. Kumayimira mphamvu ya antenna mbali inayake, ndiko kuti, kulandira chizindikiro kapena kutulutsa bwino kwa antenna mbali imeneyo. Kuchuluka kwa antenna, antenna imagwira ntchito bwino mbali inayake ndipo imatha kulandira kapena kutumiza ma signal bwino kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ma antenna nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa mu ma decibel (dB) ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri poyesa momwe antenna imagwirira ntchito.

Kenako, ndikuphunzitsani kuti mumvetse mfundo zoyambira za antenna gain ndi momwe mungawerengere antenna gain, ndi zina zotero.

1. Mfundo yaikulu ya kupindula kwa antenna

Polankhula za chiphunzitso, phindu la antenna ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya chizindikiro chomwe chimapangidwa ndi antenna yeniyeni ndi antenna yoyenera yochokera ku malo enaake mumlengalenga pansi pa mphamvu yolowera yomweyo. Lingaliro la antenna yochokera ku mfundo latchulidwa pano. Kodi ndi chiyani? Ndipotu, ndi antenna yomwe anthu amaganiza kuti imatulutsa zizindikiro mofanana, ndipo mawonekedwe ake a kuwala kwa chizindikiro ndi bwalo lofalikira mofanana. Ndipotu, antenna ali ndi malangizo owonjezera kuwala (pano amatchedwa malo a kuwala). Chizindikiro pamwamba pa kuwala chidzakhala champhamvu kuposa mtengo wa kuwala kwa antenna yochokera ku mfundo, pomwe kuwala kwa chizindikiro kumbali zina kumafooka. Kuyerekeza pakati pa mtengo weniweni ndi mtengo wa chiphunzitso apa ndi phindu la antenna.

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsaRM-SGHA42-10chitsanzo cha malonda Pezani deta

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma antenna osasunthika omwe anthu wamba amawaona nthawi zambiri samangowonjezera mphamvu yotumizira, komanso amadya mphamvu yotumizira. Chifukwa chomwe amaganiziridwabe kuti ali ndi phindu ndichakuti njira zina zimatayika, njira yowunikira imakhala yolimba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito a ma signal kumawonjezeka.

2. Kuwerengera phindu la antenna

Kupeza ma antenna kwenikweni kumayimira kuchuluka kwa kuwala kozungulira kwa mphamvu yopanda zingwe, kotero kumayenderana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa antenna. Kumvetsetsa kwakukulu ndikuti lobe yayikulu ikachepa komanso lobe yam'mbali ikachepa mu mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa antenna, phindu limakwera. Ndiye mungawerengere bwanji kuchuluka kwa antenna? Pa antenna wamba, fomula G (dBi) = 10Lg {32000/(2θ3dB, E × 2θ3dB, H)} ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwake. fomula,
2θ3dB, E ndi 2θ3dB, H ndi mulifupi wa antenna pa ndege ziwiri zazikulu motsatana; 32000 ndi deta yofufuza ziwerengero.

Ndiye kodi zikutanthauza chiyani ngati chotumizira chopanda zingwe cha 100mw chili ndi antenna yokhala ndi gain ya +3dbi? Choyamba, sinthani mphamvu yotumizira kukhala signal gain dbm. Njira yowerengera ndi iyi:

100mw=10lg100=20dbm

Kenako werengani mphamvu yonse yotumizira, yomwe ndi yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yotumizira ndi phindu la antenna. Njira yowerengera ndi iyi:

20dbm+3dbm=23dbm

Pomaliza, mphamvu yofanana yotumizira imawerengedwanso motere:

10^（23/10）≈200mw

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, antenna ya +3dbi gain imatha kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yotumizira yofanana.

3. Ma antenna a Common Gain

Ma antenna a ma router athu odziwika bwino opanda zingwe ndi ma antenna ozungulira mbali zonse. Malo ake owunikira ali pamtunda wopingasa wolunjika ku antenna, komwe kuchuluka kwa kuwala kumakhala kwakukulu, pomwe kuwala pamwamba ndi pansi pa antenna kumafooka kwambiri. Zili ngati kutenga chizindikiro chamagetsi ndikuchichepetsa pang'ono.

Kupeza ma antenna ndi "kupanga" kwa chizindikirocho, ndipo kukula kwa kupeza kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa momwe chizindikirocho chimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Palinso antenna yodziwika bwino ya plate, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala antenna yolunjika. Malo ake owunikira ali pamalo ofanana ndi fan patsogolo pa plate, ndipo zizindikiro m'malo ena zimafooka kwathunthu. Zili ngati kuwonjezera chivundikiro cha kuwala ku babu.

Mwachidule, ma antenna okwera mtengo ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi kutalika kwakutali komanso khalidwe labwino la ma signal, koma ayenera kusiya kuwala kwa dzuwa mbali iliyonse (nthawi zambiri njira zotayika). Ma antenna otsika mtengo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu koma amakhala ndi kutalika kochepa. Zinthu zopanda zingwe zikachoka ku fakitale, opanga nthawi zambiri amazikonza malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Ndikufuna kulangiza zinthu zina zingapo za antenna zomwe zingapindulitse aliyense: