Ma antenna ndi chida cholankhulirana chodziwika bwino m'miyoyo yathu. Komabe, anthu ambiri samvetsa bwino, mwina podziwa kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kulandira zizindikiro.
Mwa njira, popeza wasayansi waku Russia Popov adapanga bwino antenna mu 1894, chipangizochi chili ndi mbiri ya zaka 124.
Masiku ano, kaya ndi ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya anthu wamba komanso moyo wawo, kapena asayansi omwe akuchita kafukufuku wa sayansi, sitingathe kuchita popanda thandizo la chete la ma antenna.
Kodi ndi "waya" wamtundu wanji kwenikweni, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani wasintha miyoyo yathu kwambiri?
Ndipotu, chifukwa chake ma antenna ali amphamvu kwambiri ndi chifukwa chakuti mafunde amagetsi ndi amphamvu. Ndipo chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mafunde amagetsi ali amphamvu kwambiri ndichakuti ndi "mphamvu yobisika" yokhayo yomwe imatha kufalikira popanda kudalira njira iliyonse. Ngakhale mu malo opanda kanthu, amatha kuyenda momasuka ndikufika nthawi yomweyo.
Chithunzi cha kufalikira kwa mafunde amagetsi
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino "mphamvu yodabwitsa iyi," muyenera antenna. Mwachidule, antenna ndi "chosinthira"—imasintha mafunde otsogozedwa omwe amafalikira pamzere wotumizira kukhala mafunde amagetsi omwe amafalikira pamalo omasuka, kapena amachita kusintha kobwerera m'mbuyo.
Ntchito ya antenna
Kodi mafunde otsogozedwa ndi chiyani? Mwachidule, mafunde otsogozedwa ndi mafunde amagetsi omwe amayenda motsatira waya. Kodi antenna imakwaniritsa bwanji kusintha pakati pa mafunde otsogozedwa ndi mafunde amlengalenga?
Onani chithunzi pansipa:
Sayansi yoyambira imatiuza kuti pamene mawaya awiri ofanana ali ndi mphamvu yosinthira, mafunde amagetsi amatuluka.
Pamene mawaya awiriwa ali pafupi kwambiri, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala kofooka kwambiri (mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mafunde m'mbali zosiyana zimasiyana pang'ono).
Pamene mawaya awiriwa afalikira padera, kuwala kumawonjezeka (mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mafunde omwe ali mbali imodzi zimakhala mbali imodzi).
Pamene kutalika kwa waya kukuwonjezeka kufika pa kotala la kutalika kwa nthawi, mphamvu yamphamvu ya radiation ikhoza kupezeka!
Kumene kuli mphamvu yamagetsi, kuli mphamvu yamagetsi; komwe kuli mphamvu yamagetsi, kuli mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumapitirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mafunde amagetsi.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsedwa pansipa:
Kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mphamvu mu waya kumapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yosintha.
Mawaya awiri owongoka omwe amapanga magetsi amatchedwa dipoles.
Kawirikawiri, manja onse awiri amakhala ofanana kutalika, motero amatchedwa ma dipoles ofanana.
Dipole yokhala ndi kutalika ngati komwe kwawonetsedwa pansipa imatchedwa dipole yofanana ndi theka la mafunde.
Antena ya dipole yofanana ndi theka la mafunde
Kulumikiza malekezero awiri a waya pamodzi kumaisintha kukhala antenna yopindika ya dipole yokhala ndi mafunde ozungulira theka.
Antena ya dipole yopindika ya theka la mafunde
Antena ya dipole yofanana ndiyo antenna yakale kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kunena zoona, chinthu chowala si antenna yonse. Chinthu chowala ndi chigawo chachikulu cha antenna, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe ka antenna. Ndipo pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma antenna... ambiri...
Mu nkhani yotsatira, tipereka chiyambi chatsatanetsatane cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma antenna ndi makhalidwe awo.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-28-2025
