Kodi mlongoti wa nyanga ndi chiyani? Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi ntchito ndi ziti?

Mlongoti wa nyangandi mlongoti wa pamwamba, mlongoti wa microwave wokhala ndi gawo lozungulira kapena lamakona anayi momwe terminal ya waveguide imatsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono. Ndiwo mtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri wa mlongoti wa microwave. Malo ake a radiation amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa pakamwa ndi mtundu wa kufalitsa kwa wokamba nkhani. Pakati pawo, chikoka cha nyanga khoma pa ma radiation akhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya geometric diffraction. Ngati kutalika kwa nyanga kumakhalabe kosasinthika, kukula kwa pakamwa pakamwa ndi kusiyana kwa gawo la quadratic kumawonjezeka pamene nyanga yotsegulira nyanga ikuwonjezeka, koma phindu silingasinthe ndi kukula kwa pakamwa. Ngati mukufunikira kukulitsa gulu lafupipafupi la wokamba nkhani, muyenera kuchepetsa kusinkhasinkha pakhosi ndi pakamwa pa wokamba nkhani; kusinkhasinkha kudzachepa pamene kukula kwa pakamwa kumawonjezeka. Kapangidwe ka mlongoti wa nyanga ndi wosavuta, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta komanso osavuta kuwongolera. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mlongoti wapakati. Parabolic reflector horn antennas okhala ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana, ma lobes ammbali otsika komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi ma microwave.

Ma radiation a antenna a nyanga amatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera pamtunda pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya Huygens. Pakamwa pamwamba kumunda zimatsimikiziridwa ndi pakamwa pamwamba kukula ndi kufalitsa mafunde chitsanzo nyanga. Chiphunzitso cha geometric diffraction chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengera chikoka cha khoma la nyanga pa cheza, kotero kuti chitsanzo chowerengedwa ndi mtengo woyezera ukhoza kukhala wogwirizana bwino mpaka lobe yakutali. Mawonekedwe ake a radiation amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula ndi kugawa kwamunda pakamwa pakamwa, pomwe kutsekeka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chiwonetsero cha khosi la wokamba (kusiya koyambira) ndi pakamwa pakamwa. Pamene kutalika kwa nyanga kumakhala kosalekeza, ngati kutsegula kwa nyanga kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, kukula kwa pakamwa pakamwa ndi kusiyana kwa gawo la quadratic kudzawonjezeka panthawi imodzimodzi, koma phindu silikuwonjezeka nthawi imodzi ndi kukula kwa nyanga. pakamwa pamwamba, ndipo pali phindu ndi pazipita mtengo. Kukula kwapakamwa pakamwa, wolankhulira wokhala ndi kukula uku amatchedwa wokamba bwino kwambiri. Nyanga za conical ndi nyanga za piramidi zimafalitsa mafunde ozungulira, pamene nyanga zooneka ngati fan zomwe zimatseguka pamtunda umodzi (E kapena H pamwamba) zimafalitsa mafunde a cylindrical. Pamwamba pa mlomo wa nyanga ndi munda womwe uli ndi kusiyana kwa gawo la quadratic. Kukula kwa kusiyana kwa gawo la quadratic kumakhudzana ndi kutalika kwa nyanga ndi kukula kwa pakamwa.

Nyanga za m'nyanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera otsatirawa: 1. Zakudya zamatelesikopu akuluakulu a wailesi, tinyanga zonyezimira za masiteshoni apansi a satellite, ndi ma feed a mlongoti wonyezimira wolumikizirana ndi ma microwave; 2. Tinyanga tating'ono tamagulu osiyanasiyana; 3. Tinyanga Mumiyezo, tinyanga ta nyanga nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulingo wodziwika bwino pakuwongolera ndikupeza kuyesa kwa tinyanga zina zopeza ndalama zambiri.