M'munda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinyanga, beamforming, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kusefa kwa malo, ndi njira yopangira ma siginecha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndikulandila mafunde a wailesi opanda zingwe kapena mafunde amawu molunjika.Beamforming imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina a radar ndi sonar, mauthenga opanda zingwe, ma acoustics, ndi zida zamankhwala.Nthawi zambiri, kuwunikira ndi kusanthula kwamitengo kumachitika pokhazikitsa ubale wagawo pakati pa chakudya ndi chinthu chilichonse chamagulu a antenna kuti zinthu zonse zizitumiza kapena kulandira ma siginecha mbali ina yake.Panthawi yotumizira, beamformer imayang'anira gawo ndi matalikidwe amtundu wa chizindikiro cha transmitter iliyonse kuti ipange njira zosokoneza komanso zowononga pamafunde.Pakulandila, kasinthidwe ka sensor array kumayika patsogolo kulandila kwamtundu womwe mukufuna.
Beamforming Technology
Beamforming ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mawonekedwe a radiation kupita komwe mukufuna ndikuyankha kokhazikika.Beamforming ndi kusanthula kwa beam kwa anmlongotigulu likhoza kupezedwa ndi gawo losinthira gawo kapena dongosolo lochedwa nthawi.
Phase Shift
M'makina a narrowband, kuchedwa kwa nthawi kumatchedwanso kusintha kwa gawo.Pa radio frequency (RF) kapena mafupipafupi apakati (IF), kuwala kwabwino kumatha kutheka ndikusintha magawo ndi ma ferrite phase shifters.Pa baseband, kusuntha kwa gawo kumatha kutheka ndikusintha ma siginolo a digito.Mu ntchito ya wideband, kuchedwetsa nthawi kumakondedwa chifukwa chakufunika kopangitsa kuti mayendedwe a mtengowo asasinthe pafupipafupi.
RM-PA17731
RM-PA10145-30(10-14.5GHz)
Kuchedwa kwa nthawi
Kuchedwa kwa nthawi kungayambitsidwe posintha kutalika kwa mzere wotumizira.Mofanana ndi kusintha kwa gawo, kuchedwa kwa nthawi kungayambitsidwe pa mawailesi (RF) kapena mafupipafupi apakati (IF), ndipo kuchedwa kwa nthawi komwe kumayambitsidwa motere kumagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.Komabe, bandwidth ya gulu loyang'ana nthawi imachepetsedwa ndi bandwidth ya dipoles ndi malo amagetsi pakati pa dipoles.Kuthamanga kwa ntchito kumawonjezeka, kusiyana kwa magetsi pakati pa dipoles kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono muchepetse m'lifupi mwa ma frequency apamwamba.Pamene ma frequency akuchulukirachulukira, pamapeto pake amatsogolera ku grating lobes.Pakutha kwapang'onopang'ono, ma lobes a grating adzachitika pamene njira yopangira nsonga ipitilira mtengo wokwera wa mtengo waukulu.Chodabwitsa ichi chimayambitsa zolakwika pakugawa kwa mtengo waukulu.Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa ma lobes, ma dipoles a antenna ayenera kukhala ndi malo oyenera.
Zolemera
The kulemera vekitala ndi vekitala zovuta amene matalikidwe chigawo chimodzi chimatsimikizira mlingo sidelobe ndi waukulu mtanda m'lifupi, pamene gawo chigawo chimatsimikizira waukulu mtengo ngodya ndi null udindo.Miyezo ya gawo la narrowband arrays imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magawo osinthira.
RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
Beamforming Design
Tinyanga tomwe timatha kuzolowera chilengedwe cha RF posintha ma radiation ake amatchedwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono.Mapangidwe a Beamforming angaphatikizepo matrix a Butler, Blass matrix, ndi magulu a Wullenweber antenna.
Butler Matrix
Matrix a Butler amaphatikiza mlatho wa 90 ° ndi chosinthira gawo kuti akwaniritse gawo lofikira mpaka 360 ° ngati kapangidwe ka oscillator ndi mayendedwe owongolera ndi oyenera.Dongosolo lililonse litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chopatsira chodzipatulira kapena cholandila, kapena ndi cholumikizira chimodzi kapena cholandila choyendetsedwa ndi switch ya RF.Mwanjira iyi, Matrix a Butler atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mtengo wamagulu ozungulira.
Brahs Matrix
Matrix a Burras amagwiritsa ntchito mizere yotumizira ndi zolumikizira zowongolera kuti agwiritse ntchito kuchedwetsa nthawi kwa ntchito ya Broadband.Matrix a Burras amatha kupangidwa ngati chowongolera chambali, koma chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zoletsa zoletsa, zimakhala ndi zotayika zambiri.
Woolenweber antenna gulu
Gulu la antenna la Woollenweber ndi gulu lozungulira lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mayendedwe amtundu wa frequency (HF).Mtundu wamtunduwu umagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosavomerezeka kapena zowongolera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu nthawi zambiri kumakhala 30 mpaka 100, pomwe imodzi-gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ndi achitatu omwe amadzipereka motsatizana.Chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ndi chida chawailesi chomwe chimatha kuwongolera kulemera kwa kachulukidwe ka tinyanga tating'onoting'ono kudzera mu goniometer yomwe imatha kuyang'ana 360 ° osasintha mawonekedwe amtundu wa tinyanga.Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la tinyangali limapanga mtengo wotulukira kunja kuchokera pagulu la mlongoti kudzera mukuchedwa kwa nthawi, motero zimakwaniritsa ntchito ya burodibandi.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za antennas, chonde pitani:
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-07-2024
