Mu gawo lama antenna a gulu, beamforming, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti spatial filtering, ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza ndi kulandira mafunde a wailesi opanda zingwe kapena mafunde amawu molunjika. Beamforming imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu radar ndi sonar systems, kulumikizana opanda zingwe, ma acoustics, ndi zida zamankhwala. Kawirikawiri, beamforming ndi beam scanning zimachitika pokhazikitsa ubale wa gawo pakati pa chakudya ndi chinthu chilichonse cha antenna array kuti zinthu zonse zitumize kapena kulandira zizindikiro mu gawo mwanjira inayake. Pakutumiza, beamformer imalamulira gawo ndi kutalika kwa chizindikiro chilichonse cha transmitter kuti ipange mawonekedwe omangira komanso owononga pa wavefront. Pakulandira, kasinthidwe ka sensa ya sensa kamayang'anira kulandira mawonekedwe a radiation omwe mukufuna.
Ukadaulo Wopanga Beamforming
Kujambula ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa chithunzi cha kuwala kwa kuwala kupita ku mbali yomwe mukufuna ndi yankho lokhazikika.mlongotigulu likhoza kukwaniritsidwa ndi dongosolo la kusintha kwa gawo kapena dongosolo lochedwetsa nthawi.
Kusintha kwa Gawo
Mu makina a narrowband, kuchedwa kwa nthawi kumatchedwanso phase shift. Pa wailesi pafupipafupi (RF) kapena ma frequency apakati (IF), kupanga beamforming kungatheke mwa kusintha kwa gawo ndi ma ferrite phase shifters. Pa baseband, kusintha kwa gawo kungatheke mwa kukonza ma signal a digito. Pa ntchito ya wideband, kupanga beam-delay-time-delay kumakondedwa chifukwa cha kufunika kopangitsa kuti malangizo a beam yaikulu asasinthe ndi ma frequency.
RM-PA17731
RM-PA10145-30(10-14.5GHz)
Kuchedwa kwa nthawi
Kuchedwa kwa nthawi kungayambitsidwe mwa kusintha kutalika kwa chingwe chotumizira mauthenga. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kusintha kwa gawo, kuchedwa kwa nthawi kungayambitsidwe pa wailesi (RF) kapena ma frequency apakati (IF), ndipo kuchedwa kwa nthawi komwe kuyambitsidwa mwanjira imeneyi kumagwira ntchito bwino pa ma frequency ambiri. Komabe, bandwidth ya nthawi yojambulidwa nthawi imachepetsedwa ndi bandwidth ya dipoles ndi mtunda wamagetsi pakati pa dipoles. Pamene ma frequency operating akuwonjezeka, mtunda wamagetsi pakati pa dipoles umawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti m'lifupi mwa beam m'lifupi mu ma frequency apamwamba. Pamene ma frequency akuwonjezeka kwambiri, pamapeto pake zimabweretsa ma grating lobes. Mu phased array, ma grating lobes adzachitika pamene beamforming direction ikuposa mtengo wapamwamba wa beam yaikulu. Izi zimapangitsa zolakwika pakugawa kwa beam yaikulu. Chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe ma grating lobes, ma antenna dipoles ayenera kukhala ndi mtunda woyenera.
Zolemera
Vekitala yolemera ndi vekitala yovuta yomwe gawo lake la amplitude limatsimikiza mulingo wa mbali ndi m'lifupi mwa beam yaikulu, pomwe gawo la gawo limatsimikiza ngodya ya beam yayikulu ndi malo opanda kanthu. Zolemera za gawo la narrowband arrays zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma phase shifters.
RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
Kapangidwe ka Beamforming
Ma antenna omwe amatha kusintha momwe amagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito RF posintha mawonekedwe awo a radiation amatchedwa ma antenna a active phased array. Mapangidwe a beamforming amatha kuphatikiza matrix a Butler, matrix a Blass, ndi ma antenna a Wullenweber.
Butler Matrix
Butler Matrix imaphatikiza mlatho wa 90° ndi phase shifter kuti ikwaniritse gawo lofikira 360° ngati kapangidwe ka oscillator ndi kachitidwe ka directivity ndizoyenera. Beam iliyonse ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi transmitter kapena receiver yodzipereka, kapena ndi transmitter kapena receiver imodzi yolamulidwa ndi RF switch. Mwanjira imeneyi, Butler Matrix ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera beam ya gulu lozungulira.
Brahs Matrix
Burras matrix imagwiritsa ntchito mizere yotumizira mauthenga ndi zolumikizira zolunjika kuti igwiritse ntchito beamforming yochedwa nthawi kuti igwire ntchito pa intaneti. Burras matrix ikhoza kupangidwa ngati broadside beamformer, koma chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma resistive terminations, imakhala ndi zotayika zambiri.
Woollenweber antenna array
Woollenweber antenna array ndi gulu lozungulira lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza njira mu gulu la ma frequency apamwamba (HF). Mtundu uwu wa gulu la antenna ukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolunjika kapena zolunjika, ndipo chiwerengero cha zinthu nthawi zambiri chimakhala 30 mpaka 100, zomwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu limapangidwira kupanga mipiringidzo yolunjika kwambiri motsatizana. Gawo lililonse limalumikizidwa ku chipangizo cha wailesi chomwe chingathe kuwongolera kulemera kwa amplitude kwa kapangidwe ka antenna array kudzera pa goniometer yomwe imatha kusanthula 360° popanda kusintha kulikonse mu mawonekedwe a kapangidwe ka antenna. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la antenna limapanga kuwala komwe kumatuluka kuchokera ku gulu la antenna kudzera mu kuchedwa kwa nthawi, motero kukwaniritsa ntchito ya broadband.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-07-2024
