Mitundu yogwira ntchito yaantenna ya maikulowevuzimatengera kuchuluka kwa ma frequency band ake, kuchuluka kwake, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Pansipa pali kusanthula kwaukadaulo kwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma antenna:
1. Kugwirizana kwa Band ndi Range
- Antena ya E-band (60–90 GHz):
Maulalo afupiafupi komanso amphamvu kwambiri (1–3 km) a 5G backhaul ndi mayendedwe ankhondo. Kuchepa kwa mpweya m'mlengalenga kumafika pa 10 dB/km chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa mpweya. - Ka-band Antenna (26.5–40 GHz):
Ma satellite comms amafika pamtunda wa makilomita 10–50 (kuchokera pansi kupita ku LEO) ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 40+ dBi. Kutha kwa mvula kumatha kuchepetsa mtunda ndi 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzAntena ya Horn:
Kufalikira kwapakati (5–20 km) kwa radar ndi IoT, kulinganiza kulowa ndi kuchuluka kwa deta.
2. Mtundu wa Antena ndi Magwiridwe Abwino
| Antena | Phindu Labwinobwino | Ma Range Opambana | Gwiritsani Ntchito Chikwama |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antena ya Biconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (kuyesa kwa EMC) | Kuzindikira matenda afupiafupi |
| Horn Yoyenera Yopeza | 12–20 dBi | Makilomita 3–10 | Kulinganiza/kuyeza |
| Microstrip Array | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Malo oyambira a 5G/Satcom |
3. Zoyambira Zowerengera Ma Range
Chiwerengero cha ma transmission equation a Friis (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Kumene:
P_t = Mphamvu yotumizira (monga radar ya 10W)
G_t, G_r = Kuwonjezeka kwa antenna ya Tx/Rx (monga, 20 dBi horn)
P_r = Kuzindikira kwa wolandila (monga, -90 dBm)
Malangizo Othandiza: Pa maulumikizidwe a satellite a Ka-band, phatikizani horn ya high-gain (30+ dBi) ndi ma amplifiers a phokoso lochepa (NF <1 dB).
4. Malire a Zachilengedwe
Kuchepetsa Mvula: Zizindikiro za Ka-band zimataya 3–10 dB/km mumvula yamphamvu.
Kufalikira kwa Beam: Gulu la microstrip la 25 dBi pa 30 GHz lili ndi m'lifupi wa beam wa 2.3° - woyenera kulumikizana kolondola kwa point-to-point.
Mapeto: Ma antenna a microwave amasiyana kuyambira pa <1 km (mayeso a biconical EMC) mpaka 50+ km (Ka-band satcom). Konzani bwino mwa kusankha ma antenna a E-/Ka-band kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri kapena ma horn a 2–4 GHz kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-08-2025
