Mbiri
Lingaliro lama antenna a guluInayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1930 ndipo poyamba inali ndi zinthu zingapo za antenna kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito a mauthenga ndi ma radar system. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, ma array antenna pang'onopang'ono adakula kukhala machitidwe onse opangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri za antenna, zomwe zimatha kupanga ma signal ovuta komanso kupanga beam. M'zaka za m'ma 1950, ma array antenna anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu ankhondo ndi ndege. Pambuyo pake, ndi chitukuko cha microwave ndi ukadaulo wolumikizirana, ma array antenna adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo monga kulumikizana kwa satellite, radar, kulumikizana kwa mafoni ndi ma network opanda zingwe.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito
Antena ya array ndi dongosolo la antena lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri za antena zomwe zimakonzedwa mwanjira inayake komanso malo osiyanasiyana. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya antena ya array imachokera pa malingaliro a kupanga beam ndi kuloza beam.
Pamene mafunde a chochitika afika pa antenna ya array, chinthu chilichonse cha antenna chimalandira mafunde a chochitika chomwecho chokhala ndi kuchedwa kwa gawo losiyana. Kuchedwa kwa gawo pakati pa zinthu za antenna izi kumachitika mwa kusintha mizere yochedwa kapena zosinthira magawo mu dera. Mwa kusintha kuchedwa kwa gawo la chinthu chilichonse cha antenna, kupanga ndi kusokoneza mafunde a chochitika mu array kumatha kulamulidwa.
Kudzera mu kulamulira koyenera kuchedwa kwa gawo, ma antenna a array amatha kupanga kuwala. Kuwala kumatanthauza njira yayikulu ya mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi antenna, yofanana ndi kuwala kokhazikika kapena kuwala kwa phokoso komwe kwalunjika mbali inayake. Mwa kusintha kuchedwa kwa gawo la chinthu chilichonse cha antenna, mafunde obwera amatha kuyikidwa pamwamba ndikukulitsidwa mbali zina ndikuchotsedwa mbali zina. Mwanjira imeneyi, antenna ya array imatha kupanga kuwala kopapatiza komanso kolunjika, motero kumawonjezera phindu ndi chitsogozo cha dongosolo la antenna.
Kuwongolera kwa antenna ya array kumatha kusinthidwa mwa kusintha kuchedwa kwa gawo. Mwa kulamulira kuchedwa kwa gawo, ngodya yolozera ya beam ingasinthidwe kuti ilozere ku cholinga kapena dera lofunika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti antenna za array zikhale ndi ntchito zofunika mu radar systems, ma communication systems ndi ma network opanda zingwe, ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa ntchito monga kutsata chandamale, signal direction ndi kuletsa kusokoneza.
Kuwonjezera pa kupanga kuwala ndi kuwongolera, ma antenna a array alinso ndi zabwino zina, monga spatial multiplexing, anti-interference liability, ndi kusinthasintha. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuyanjana pakati pa zinthu za antenna mu array, zizindikiro zingapo zimatha kulandiridwa ndikutumizidwa nthawi imodzi, motero zimawonjezera mphamvu ya dongosolo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Mwachidule, ma antenna a array amakwaniritsa mawonekedwe a kuwala ndi chitsogozo mwa kusintha kuchedwa kwa gawo la chinthu chilichonse cha antenna kuti akwaniritse kuwala kowonjezereka ndi kulandira bwino mbali zinazake. Ali ndi ntchito zambiri mu kulumikizana, radar ndi ma netiweki opanda zingwe, zomwe zimapereka zabwino monga kukwera mtengo, chitsogozo ndi kusinthasintha.
Zogulitsa Zofanana
RM-PA7087-43
RM-PA1075145-32
RM-SWA910-22
RM-PA10145-30
