Mutu uno ukufotokoza mfundo zazikulu za kulumikizana popanda zingwe, cholinga chake ndi kupereka kumvetsetsa bwino ntchito ya ma antenna m'machitidwe olumikizirana. Kulankhulana popanda zingwe kumachitika ngati mafunde amagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe mafunde amafalitsidwira.
Mu chaputala chino, tikambirana magawo otsatirawa:
• Kuchuluka kwa nthawi
• Kutalika kwa mafunde
• Kufananiza kwa Impedance
•VSWR & Mphamvu Yowunikira
• Bandwidth
• Peresenti ya Bandwidth
• Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa
Tsopano, tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane.
pafupipafupi:
Malinga ndi tanthauzo lokhazikika, mafupipafupi ndi chiwerengero cha kubwerezabwereza kwa mafunde pa nthawi iliyonse. Mwachidule, mafupipafupi amafotokoza kangati chochitika chimachitika. Mafunde a periodic amabwereza masekondi aliwonse a T (nthawi imodzi), ndipo mafupipafupi ake ndi ofanana ndi nthawi ya T.
Mwa masamu, zikuwoneka motere:
$$f = \frac{1}{T}$$
•F imayimira kuchuluka kwa mafunde a periodic, pomwe
•T ndi nthawi yofunikira kuti mumalize kuzungulira konse.
Mafupipafupi amayesedwa mu hertz, chidule chake ndi Hz.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa mafunde a sine, omwe amawonetsa voltage (mu mV) ngati ntchito ya nthawi (mu ms). Mafunde awa amabwereza ma milliseconds onse a 2t; chifukwa chake, nthawi yake T = 2t ms, ndipo ma frequency ake f = 1/(2t) kHz.
Kutalika kwa mafunde:
Malinga ndi tanthauzo lokhazikika, mtunda pakati pa nsonga ziwiri zotsatizana kapena mitsinje iwiri yotsatizana imatchedwa wavelength.
Mwachidule, kutalika kwa mafunde ndi mtunda pakati pa mapiri awiri abwino oyandikana kapena mapiri awiri oipa oyandikana. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a mafunde a periodic, okhala ndi mafunde (λ) ndi amplitude. Ma frequency akakwera, kutalika kwa mafunde kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mosemphanitsa.
Fomula ya wavelength ndi iyi:
$$\lambda = \frac{c}{f}$$
•λ imayimira kutalika kwa mafunde
•C ndi liwiro la kuwala ($3 \kuwirikiza 10^8$ mamita pa sekondi)
•F ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi
Kutalika kwa mafunde λ kumafotokozedwa m'mayunitsi a kutalika, monga mamita, mapazi, kapena mainchesi. Chigawo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mita.
Kufananiza kwa Impedance:
Malinga ndi tanthauzo lokhazikika, kufanana kwa impedance kumachitika pamene impedance ya chotumizira ili pafupifupi yofanana ndi impedance ya wolandila.
Kufananiza kupinga pakati pa antenna ndi dera kumafunika. Kupinga kwa antenna, chingwe chotumizira, ndi dera kuyenera kufananizidwa kuti pakhale kusamutsa mphamvu kwakukulu pakati pa antenna ndi wolandila kapena wotumiza.
Kufunika Kofanana
Zipangizo zolumikizirana zimatha kupereka mphamvu yotulutsa bwino mkati mwa ma frequency enaake a narrowband. Monga chipangizo cholumikizirana, antenna imatha kuchita bwino kwambiri ngati kuletsa kwake kukugwirizana bwino.
• Ngati kupondereza kwa antenna kukugwirizana ndi kupondereza kwa malo omasuka, mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi antenna idzatumizidwa bwino.
•Pa antenna yolandira, kuletsa kwake kutulutsa kuyenera kufanana ndi kuletsa kolowera kwa dera lolandirira amplifier.
•Pa antenna yotumizira, kuletsa kwake kolowera kuyenera kufanana ndi kuletsa kotuluka kwa amplifier yotumizira komanso kuletsa kwapadera kwa mzere wotumizira.
Impedance imayesedwa mu ohms, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro Z.
VSWR & Mphamvu Yowunikira:
Malinga ndi tanthauzo la muyezo, chiŵerengero cha ma voltage apamwamba kwambiri ndi ma voltage ochepa mu mafunde oima chimatchedwa chiŵerengero cha mafunde oima (VSWR).
Pamene ma impedances a antenna, chingwe chotumizira, ndi dera sizikugwirizana, mphamvu singathe kufalikira bwino; m'malo mwake, gawo lina la mphamvu limabwereranso.
Makhalidwe akuluakulu ndi —
•Chinthu chomwe chimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa kusalingana kwa impedance chimatchedwa Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
•VSWR imayimira Voltage Standing Wave Ratio ndipo nthawi zambiri imatchedwanso SWR
• Kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa impedance, mtengo wa VSWR umakwera
•Kuti mupeze kuwala kogwira mtima, VSWR yoyenera ndi 1:1
• Mphamvu yowunikira imatanthauza gawo la mphamvu yotsogola yomwe imawonongeka. Mphamvu yowunikira ndi VSWR kwenikweni zimafotokoza zochitika zomwezo zakuthupi kuchokera m'malingaliro osiyanasiyana.
Bandwidth:
Malinga ndi tanthauzo la muyezo, mzere wa ma frequency mkati mwa ma wavelength omwe aperekedwa pa kulumikizana kwina kumatchedwa bandwidth.
Chizindikiro chikatumizidwa kapena kulandiridwa, chimagwira ntchito mkati mwa ma frequency enaake. Ma frequency amenewa amaperekedwa ku chizindikiro chinaake kuti apewe kusokonezedwa ndi ma signal ena panthawi yotumizira.
• Bandwidth imatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ma frequency pakati pa malire a ma frequency apamwamba ndi otsika a kutumiza chizindikiro
• Bandwidth ikaperekedwa, singagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ena
• Sipekitiramu yonse imagawidwa m'magawo a bandwidth, iliyonse imaperekedwa kwa ma transmitter osiyanasiyana
Bandwidth yomwe takambiranayi ingatchulidwenso kuti absolute bandwidth.
Peresenti ya Bandwidth:
Malinga ndi tanthauzo la muyezo, chiŵerengero cha bandwidth yeniyeni kufupipafupi kwake pakati chimatchedwa bandwidth ya peresenti.
Mafupipafupi omwe ali mkati mwa gulu lomwe mphamvu ya chizindikiro imafika pachimake amatchedwa mafupipafupi a resonant, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mafupipafupi apakati pa gulu, omwe amadziwika kuti fC.
• Ma frequency apamwamba ndi otsika a band amatchulidwa kuti fH ndi fL, motsatana.
•Bwidth yokwanira imaperekedwa ndi fH−fL
• Kuti muyese m'lifupi mwa gulu la ma frequency, ndikofunikira kuwerengera bandwidth yake ya fractional kapena percentage bandwidth.
Kuchuluka kwa bandwidth kumawerengedwa kuti kumvetsetse kusiyana kwa ma frequency komwe gawo kapena makina angagwiritse ntchito.
•fH imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa ma frequency
•fL imasonyeza kuchuluka kwafupipafupi
•fc imasonyeza ma frequency apakati
Kuchuluka kwa bandwidth ya channel, komwe kumakulanso.
Mphamvu ya kuwala:
Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa imafotokozedwa ngati mphamvu yochokera pa ngodya yolimba ya unit iliyonse.
Antena imatuluka kwambiri mbali zinazake, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mphamvu yake yayikulu ya kuwala. Mphamvu yayikulu ya kuwala imadziwika ndi mphamvu ya kuwala.
Kufotokozera Masamu
Mphamvu ya kuwala imapezeka pochulukitsa mphamvu ya kuwala ndi sikweya ya mtunda wa radial:
Kumene U ndi mphamvu ya kuwala, r ndi mtunda wa radial, ndipo （Wrad） ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowala.
•U ikuyimira mphamvu ya kuwala
•r ikuyimira mtunda wa radial
•Wrad ikuyimira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowala
Chiyerekezo chomwe chili pamwambapa chikuwonetsa mphamvu ya kuwala kwa antenna. Mtunda wa radial nthawi zina umawonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro Φ.
Chigawo cha mphamvu ya radiation ndi watts pa steradian (W/sr), kapena watts pa radian ya sikweya (W/rad²).
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-26-2026
