Mutu uno ukukamba za magawo a ma radiation a antenna, zomwe zimatithandiza kumvetsetsa mafotokozedwe a ma radiation.
Malo Ozungulira Mzere
Malinga ndi tanthauzo lokhazikika: “Ngati mphamvu ya radiation P(θ,ϕ) ikadali pamtengo wake wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa ngodya yolimba ΩA ndipo ili zero kwina kulikonse, ndiye kuti dera la beam ndi ngodya yolimba yomwe mphamvu yonse yotulutsidwa ndi antenna imadutsa.”
Mtambo wowala kuchokera ku antenna umatuluka mkati mwa ngodya inayake yolimba pomwe mphamvu ya kuwala ndi yayikulu. Ngodya yolimba iyi imatchedwa dera la mzera ndipo imawonetsedwa ndi ΩA.
Mu ngodya yolimba iyi ΩA, mphamvu ya radiation P(θ,ϕ) iyenera kukhala yokhazikika komanso yapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo 0 iyenera kukhala zero kwina kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yonse ya radiation imaperekedwa ndi:
Mphamvu Yowala=P(θ,ϕ)⋅ΩA(watts)
Ngodya ya beam nthawi zambiri imatanthauza ngodya yolimba pakati pa mfundo zamphamvu theka la lobe yayikulu.
Kufotokozera Masamu
Mawu a masamu a dera la beam ndi awa:
komwe ngodya yosiyana ndi yolimba ili:
dΩ=sinθdθdϕ
Apa, Pn(θ,ϕ) ndi mphamvu ya radiation yokhazikika.
• ΩA imayimira ngodya yolimba ya beam (dera la beam).
• θ ndi ntchito ya malo a angular.
• ϕ ndi ntchito ya mtunda wa radial.
Chigawo
Chigawo cha malo a denga ndisteradian (sr).
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwachangu kwa Mtanda
Malinga ndi tanthauzo lokhazikika: "Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa denga ndi chiŵerengero cha dera la denga la denga lalikulu ndi dera lonse la denga lowala."
Mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi antenna imadalira momwe imayendera. Njira yomwe antenna imatulutsira mphamvu zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, pomwe mphamvu zina zimatayika m'mbali. Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsidwa mu cheza chachikulu ndi mphamvu yonse yotulutsidwa, yokhala ndi kutayika kochepa, chimatchedwa mphamvu ya beam.
Kufotokozera Masamu
Mawu a masamu okhudza mphamvu ya kuwala ndi awa:
kuti
•ηB ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa (yopanda miyeso),
• ΩMB ndi ngodya yolimba (dera la mzati) wa mzati waukulu,
• ΩA ndi ngodya yolimba ya kuwala konse komwe kwatuluka.
Kugawanika kwa Antena
Ma antenna amatha kupangidwa ndi ma polarization osiyanasiyana malinga ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, monga polarization yolunjika kapena yozungulira. Mtundu wa polarization umatsimikizira mawonekedwe a beam ndi momwe antenna imakhalira polarization panthawi yolandila kapena kutumiza.
Kugawanika kwa Linear
Pamene mafunde amagetsi atumizidwa kapena kulandiridwa, njira yofalitsira imatha kusiyana. Antena yokhala ndi polarized linearly imasunga vector yamagetsi pamalo okhazikika, motero imayang'ana mphamvu mbali ina pomwe ikuletsa mbali zina. Chifukwa chake, polarization yolunjika imathandiza kukonza mayendedwe a antena.
Kugawanika kozungulira
Mu mafunde ozungulira, vector yamagetsi imazungulira pakapita nthawi, ndipo zigawo zake zofanana zimakhala zofanana mu amplitude ndi 90° kunja kwa gawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale njira yokhazikika. Polarization yozungulira imachepetsa bwino zotsatira za multipath ndipo motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizana ndi satellite, monga GPS.
Kugawanika Kopingasa
Mafunde ozungulira mopingasa amakhala osavuta kuwunikira kuchokera pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizindikirocho chichepetse, makamaka pamafupipafupi omwe ali pansi pa 1 GHz. Polarization yopingasa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofalitsa chizindikiro cha pa TV kuti chikhale ndi chiŵerengero chabwino cha chizindikiro-ku-phokoso.
Kugawanika Koyima
Mafunde otsika okhala ndi mafunde ozungulira ndi abwino kwambiri pakufalikira kwa mafunde a pansi. Poyerekeza ndi mafunde ozungulira, mafunde ozungulira sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa pamwamba ndipo motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizirana pafoni.
Mtundu uliwonse wa polarization uli ndi zabwino zake komanso zofooka zake. Opanga makina a RF amatha kusankha polarization yoyenera malinga ndi zofunikira za makinawo.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-24-2026
