Mu kapangidwe ka kuwala kwa antenna, lobe yayikulu imayimira kuwala kwakukulu kwa antenna, komwe mphamvu yayikulu komanso yokhazikika imafalikira.
Beamwidth ndi m'lifupi wa angular wa aperture momwe mphamvu zambiri zimayatsira. Ma parameter awiri akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza beamwidth ndi Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW) ndi First Null Beamwidth (FNBW).
Mpweya wa Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW)
Malinga ndi tanthauzo lokhazikika, kulekanitsidwa kwa angular komwe ma radiation pattern amplitude amatsika ndi 50% (mwachitsanzo, -3 dB) kuchokera pamwamba pa lobe yayikulu kumatchedwa half-power beamwidth.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, m'lifupi mwa beam ndi dera lomwe antenna imayatsira mphamvu zake zambiri, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi mphamvu yayikulu. M'lifupi mwa theka la mphamvu yayikulu ndi mulingo wa angular momwe mphamvu yoyerekeza yomwe ili mu gawo logwira ntchito la ma radiation la antenna imaposa 50% ya mphamvu yayikulu.
Kutanthauzira kwa Geometric kwa HPBW
Pa chitsanzo cha ma radiation, jambulani mzere kuchokera koyambira kupita mbali zonse za lobe yayikulu pamalo a theka la mphamvu. Ngodya pakati pa ma vector awiriwa ndi half-power beamwidth (HPBW). Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuthandizira kufotokoza lingaliro ili.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa gawo lalikulu la antenna ndi mfundo zamphamvu theka pa gawo lalikulu.
Kufotokozera Masamu
Fomula yoyerekeza ya theka la mphamvu ya beamwidth ndi iyi:
komwe:
•λ ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yogwirira ntchito,
•D ndi kukula kwa malo otseguka a antenna (nthawi zambiri m'mimba mwake kapena kutalika kwa mbali).
Chigawo cha theka la mphamvu ya beamwidth (HPBW) ndi radian kapena digiri.
Mzere Woyamba Wopanda Chingwe (FNBW)
Malinga ndi tanthauzo lokhazikika, kulekanitsidwa kwa angular pakati pa ma nulls oyamba omwe ali pafupi ndi lobe yayikulu kumatchedwa first null beamwidth.
Mwachidule, FNBW ndi malo ozungulira pakati pa ma nulls oyamba a pattern mbali zonse ziwiri za main beam.
Kutanthauzira kwa Jiometri kwa FNBW
Kuchokera ku chiyambi cha mawonekedwe a radiation, jambulani mizere yopingasa ku mtanda waukulu mbali zonse ziwiri. Ngodya pakati pa mizere iwiriyi ndi m'lifupi woyamba wa null beamwidth (FNBW). Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuthandiza kufotokozera bwino lingaliro ili.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa half-power beamwidth (HPBW) ndi first null beamwidth (FNBW) pa radiation pattern, ndi main lobe ndi side lobes zomwe zawonetsedwa.
Kufotokozera Masamu
Ubale pakati pa first null beamwidth (FNBW) ndi half-power beamwidth (HPBW) ukhoza kuyerekezeredwa motere:
Posintha HPBW ≈ 70λ/D, timapeza:
kumene λ ndi kutalika kwa mafunde ndipo D ndi kukula kwa kutsegula kwa antenna.
Chigawo
Gawo la First Null Beamwidth (FNBW) ndi radian (rad) kapena digiri (°).
Kutalika Kogwira Ntchito ndi Malo Ogwira Ntchito
Pakati pa magawo a antenna, kutalika kogwira ntchito komanso malo ogwira ntchito bwino palinso miyezo yofunika kwambiri yomwe imathandiza kuwunika momwe antenna imagwirira ntchito.
Kutalika Kogwira Mtima
Kutalika kogwira mtima kwa antenna kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza momwe imagwirira ntchito bwino polarization.
Tanthauzo: Kutalika kogwira ntchito ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yamagetsi yotseguka pa malo olandirira ma antenna kupita ku mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuchitika m'njira yomweyo ya polarization monga antenna. Pamene mafunde amwadzidzidzi afika pa input ya antenna, amakhala ndi mphamvu inayake yamagetsi yomwe mphamvu yake imadalira polarization ya antenna. Polarization iyi iyenera kufanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili pa malo olandirira kuti ilandire bwino chizindikiro.
Kufotokozera Masamu
Mawu a masamu a kutalika kogwira mtima ndi awa:
komwe:
•le ndi kutalika koyenera kwa antenna,
•Voc ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yotseguka pa malo olandirira ma antenna,
•Ei ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikuchitika m'mbali yomweyo ya polarization monga antenna.
Malo Ogwira Ntchito
Tanthauzo: Malo ogwira ntchito ndi gawo la malo a antenna yolandira yomwe imatenga mphamvu kuchokera kutsogolo kwa mafunde ndikuisintha kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi; nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono kuposa malo enieni otseguka a antenna.
Pa nthawi yolandira, dera lonse la antenna limakumana ndi mafunde amagetsi omwe amakumana ndi vuto, koma gawo limodzi lokha ndi lomwe limagwira bwino chizindikirocho. Gawoli limatchedwa dera lothandiza.
Chifukwa chomwe gawo laling'ono chabe la mphamvu ya mafunde akutsogolo limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndichakuti mafunde ena amwazikana ndi antenna, pomwe gawo lina limatha kusungunuka ngati kutentha. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwino popanda kutayika, dera lomwe, likachulukitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamwazikana, limapereka mphamvu yayikulu yopezeka kuchokera ku antenna limatchedwa dera lothandiza.
Malo ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amasonyezedwa ndiAeff.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-30-2026
