Antena ya dipole imadulidwa ndikupindidwa kuti ipeze kuwala kogwira mtima. Utali wonse wa waya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dipole ndi wofanana ndi theka la kutalika kwa mafunde (monga, l=λ/2）). Mtundu uwu wa antena umatchedwa antena ya dipole ya theka-wave. Chifukwa cha ubwino wake, ndi antena yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo imadziwikanso kuti antena ya Hertz.
Mafupipafupi
Antena ya half-wave dipole imagwira ntchito pa ma frequency a pafupifupi 3 kHz mpaka 300 GHz, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu ma radio receiver.
Kapangidwe ndi Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito ya Half-Wave Dipole
Ndi antenna yoyambira ya dipole yomwe ma frequency ake ogwirira ntchito amafanana ndi theka la kutalika kwa mafunde; chifukwa chake, imatchedwa antenna ya dipole ya theka la mafunde.
Malekezero a dipole ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe ndi mphamvu yosinthira (AC). Pa mphamvu yabwino kwambiri ya mphamvu, ma elekitironi amakonda kuyenda mbali imodzi, pomwe pa mphamvu yoipa, amasuntha mbali ina. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa mothandizidwa ndi chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito dipole ya theka la mafunde.
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa dipole pamene ili mu theka la positive la voltage yomwe yayambitsidwa. Pakadali pano, ma elekitironi amakonda kusunthira ku positive charge.
Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa dipole mu negative half-cycle ya voltage yomwe yayambitsidwa. Apa, ma elekitironi amakonda kusuntha kuchoka pa dipole.
Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa dipole mu theka lotsatira la positive cycle. Pa nthawiyi, ma electron amabwerera ku charge.
Mphamvu yowonjezerekayi imapanga mphamvu yosiyana ya maginito, yomwe imatuluka kunja mofanana ndi yomwe imapangidwa pa dipole yokha. Chifukwa chake, kutulutsa kwa antenna ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito yomwe imatsatira njira yokhazikika ya mphamvu yotulutsa. Mwanjira imeneyi, dipole ya theka la mafunde imapeza mphamvu yogwira ntchito.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa kufalikira kwa mphamvu mu dipole ya theka-wave. Kuchuluka kwa dipole ya theka-wave ndi 2.15 dBi, zomwe ndi zabwino kwambiri. Pano, chilembo "i" chikutanthauza radiator ya isotropic.
Mawonekedwe a radiation
Kapangidwe ka kuwala kwa antenna iyi ya half-wave dipole ndi kolunjika mbali zonse mu H-plane, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kulumikizana pafoni ndi kulandira wailesi.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a ma radiation a dipole ya theka la mafunde mu H-plane ndi V-plane.
Pa dipole yokhala ndi kutalika kwa theka la kutalika kwa mafunde (monga, kutalika koyamba kwa resonant), utali wake wozungulira sukhudza impedance yolowera. Antena imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa ma frequency ake a resonant, omwe amapezeka pa kutalika kwake kwa resonant.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-05-2026
