Pambuyo pa kukambirana za magawo ofunikira a antenna m'mutu wapitawu, mutu wina wofunikira kuganizira ndi madera apafupi ndi akutali a antenna.
Mphamvu ya kuwala komwe kumayesedwa pafupi ndi antenna imasiyana ndi yomwe imayesedwa patali. Ngakhale kuti dera lakutali lili kutali ndi antenna, limaonedwabe ngati dera lovomerezeka chifukwa mphamvu ya kuwala imakhalabe yayikulu.
Chigawo cha Pafupi ndi Munda
Chigawo chomwe chili pafupi ndi antenna chimatchedwa chigawo cha near-field. Chigawochi chimakhala ndi mphamvu zoyambitsa zinthu ndipo motero chimatchedwanso chigawo cha induction field, ngakhale kuti chili ndi zigawo zina zowala.
Chigawo cha Kutali
Chigawo chomwe chili kutali ndi antenna chimatchedwa chigawo chakutali. Chimadziwikanso kuti chigawo cha malo owunikira ma radiation, chifukwa zotsatira za ma radiation ndizofala pano. Ma parameter ambiri ofunikira a antenna, monga directivity ndi radiation pattern, amafotokozedwa ndikuyesedwa mkati mwa chigawochi.
Chitsanzo cha Munda
Kugawa kwa munda kumatha kuyesedwa ndi mphamvu ya munda, ndipo chithunzi chomwe chimachokera chimatchedwa mawonekedwe a munda. Makamaka, pamene mphamvu yowala ya antenna ikuwonetsedwa malinga ndi mphamvu ya magetsi E (V/m), chithunzi chomwe chimachokera chimatchedwa mawonekedwe a munda. Ngati ayesedwa malinga ndi mphamvu (W), amatchedwa mawonekedwe a mphamvu.
Kugawa kwa zithunzi za gawo la ma radiation kapena mphamvu kumadalira:
•Mu dera lakutali, pa ngodya za malo zokha (θ,ϕ);
•M'dera la pafupi ndi munda, pa ngodya zonse ziwiri za malo (θ,ϕ) ndi mtunda wa radial (r).
Makhalidwe a madera apafupi ndi madera akutali amatha kumveka bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi.
Mapangidwe a malo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu motere:
•Chigawo cha Near-Field Chochitapo Kanthu ndi Chigawo cha Near-Field Chochitapo Kanthu — zonse pamodzi zimatchedwa dera la near-field.
•Chigawo cha Kutali Chowala — chimangotchedwa chigawo chakutali.
Chigawo chomwe chili pafupi ndi antenna ndi dera lozungulira antenna lomwe limadziwikanso kuti dera lopanda ma radiation, komwe zotsatira zake sizimachuluka. Pafupi ndi ichi pali dera lozungulira antenna, lomwe limatchedwanso dera la Fresnel, komwe ma radiation amakhala amphamvu ndipo kufalikira kwa angle field kumadalira mtunda weniweni kuchokera ku antenna.
Kupitirira apa kuli dera lakutali lomwe limatulutsa kuwala. M'derali, kufalikira kwa malo sikudalira mtunda, ndipo mawonekedwe ogwira ntchito a kuwala amakhazikitsidwa.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-01-2026
