Radiation ndi mawu omwe amafotokoza mphamvu ya mafunde amagetsi omwe amatumizidwa kapena kulandiridwa ndi antenna. Mu chithunzi chilichonse cha antenna, chithunzi chosonyeza mawonekedwe a radiation ya antenna chimadziwika kuti radiation pattern yake. Mwa kuwona radiation pattern, munthu amatha kumvetsetsa momwe antenna imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imawongolera. Mphamvu yomwe antenna imayatsira imakhudza madera apafupi ndi field komanso akutali.
Mwachithunzithunzi, kuwala kumatha kufotokozedwa ngati ntchito ya malo a angular a antenna ndi mtunda wa radial. Ntchito yamasamuyi imafotokoza makhalidwe a kuwala kwa antenna, omwe nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi E(θ,ϕ) ndi mphamvu yamagetsi H(θ,ϕ) m'magawo ozungulira.
Chitsanzo cha Kuwala
Mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi antenna imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake a kuwala. Mawonekedwe a kuwala ndi chithunzi cha momwe mphamvu yotulutsidwayo imagawidwira mumlengalenga ngati njira yolunjika. Tiyeni tsopano tiwone mawonekedwe wamba a kuwala kwa mphamvu.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa antenna ya dipole. Mphamvu yowala imayimiridwa ndi mawonekedwe ojambulidwa motsatira njira zinazake, ndi mivi yosonyeza komwe kuwala kwawala kukuchokera. Mawonekedwe a kuwala amatha kugawidwa m'magulu monga mawonekedwe amunda kapena mawonekedwe amagetsi.
•Kapangidwe ka munda kamagwirizana ndi magetsi ndi maginito ndipo nthawi zambiri amajambulidwa pa sikelo ya logarithmic.
•Kapangidwe ka mphamvu kamagwira ntchito ya sikweya ya kukula kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi maginito ndipo nthawi zambiri imajambulidwa pa sikelo ya logarithmic, mwachitsanzo, mu dB.
Chitsanzo cha Kuwala kwa 3D
Chithunzi cha radiation cha 3D ndi graph ya magawo atatu yojambulidwa mu ma coordinate ozungulira (r,θ,ϕ), komwe chiyambi chake chili pakati pa dongosolo la ma coordinate. Chimawoneka monga momwe chasonyezedwera pachithunzi pansipa —
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a radiation a 3D a antenna yolunjika mbali zonse, zomwe zikuwonetsa bwino ma axes atatu a coordinate (x, y, z).
Chitsanzo cha Kuwala kwa 2D
Kapangidwe ka radiation ya 2D kangapezeke mwa kugawa kapangidwe ka 3D m'magawo opingasa ndi olunjika. Mapangidwe awiri omwe amachokera amatchulidwa kuti kapangidwe ka ndege yopingasa ndi kapangidwe ka ndege yopingasa, motsatana.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a radiation a antenna yolunjika mbali zonse mu ndege ya H ndi ndege ya V. Ndege ya H ikuyimira mawonekedwe opingasa, pomwe ndege ya V ikuyimira mawonekedwe opingasa.
Kupanga Lobe
Mu kuyimira mapangidwe a ma radiation, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amapezeka, zomwe zimasonyeza madera akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono a ma radiation. Madera awa amathandiza kuwunika momwe ma radiation a antenna amagwirira ntchito. Kuti mumvetse bwino, onani chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa, chomwe chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a ma radiation a antenna ya dipole.
Mu mawonekedwe a radiation, nthawi zambiri pamakhala lobe yayikulu, lobe yam'mbali, ndi lobe yam'mbuyo.
•Gawo lalikulu la munda wowala, womwe umaphimba dera lalikulu, limatchedwa lobe yayikulu kapena beam yayikulu. Apa ndi pomwe mphamvu yayikulu yowala imayikidwa, ndipo njira yake imasonyeza momwe antenna imayendera.
•Zigawo zina za mawonekedwe a radiation zomwe zimagawidwa mbali zonse zimatchedwa side lobes kapena minor lobes. Izi ndi madera omwe mphamvu zimawonongeka.
•Kuphatikiza apo, pali lobe yolunjika bwino moyang'anizana ndi lobe yayikulu, yotchedwa back lobe, yomwe ndi mtundu wa lobe yam'mbali. Mphamvu zambiri zimawonongekanso pano.
Chitsanzo
Ngati antenna yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu radar system imapanga ma lobes am'mbali, kutsatira zomwe zili m'mbali kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ma lobes am'mbali awa amayambitsa zolinga zabodza. Kusiyanitsa zolinga zenizeni ndi zonyenga n'kovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito ndikusunga mphamvu, ma lobes am'mbali awa ayenera kuchepetsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa.
Muyeso Wothandizira
Mphamvu yowala yomwe imawonongeka motere iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati ma lobes ang'onoang'ono awa angathe kuchotsedwa ndipo mphamvuyo itumizidwa mbali imodzi—kutanthauza, ku lobe yaikulu—kulunjika kwa antenna kumawonjezeka, motero kumawonjezera magwiridwe ake.
Mitundu ya Ma Radiation Patterns
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma radiation ndi awa:
•Kapangidwe ka Omnidirectional (komwe kumatchedwanso kuti kapangidwe ka nondirectional): Kapangidwe kameneka nthawi zambiri kamawoneka ngati mawonekedwe a donut mu mawonekedwe a 3D, pomwe mu mawonekedwe a 2D kamapanga kapangidwe ka chifaniziro cha eyiti.
•Kapangidwe ka Mzere wa Pensulo: Mzerewo umakhala ngati pensulo yakuthwa, yolunjika.
•Kapangidwe ka Mzere wa Fani: Mzerewo umakhala ngati mawonekedwe a fani.
•Kapangidwe ka Mtanda Wofanana: Mtanda wosafanana wopanda kapangidwe kokhazikika umatchedwa kapangidwe ka mtanda wofanana.
Malo ofunikira pa mitundu yonseyi ya ma radiation ndi ma isotropic radiation. Ngakhale kuti ma isotropic radiation sangadziwike mwakuthupi, akadali ofunikira.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-10-2026
