Ma antenna a waya ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yoyambira ya ma antenna. Amadziwika bwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuti timvetse bwino ma antenna a waya, choyamba tiyeni tiwone chingwe chotumizira mauthenga.
Mzere Wotumizira
Chingwe chotumizira, kapena waya, chimanyamula mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera kumapeto ena kupita kwina. Ngati malekezero onse awiri a chingwe chotumizira alumikizidwa ku ma circuits, chidziwitso chikhoza kutumizidwa kapena kulandiridwa pakati pa ma circuits awiriwa kudzera mu waya uwu.
Ngati mbali imodzi ya waya yasiyidwa yotseguka, mphamvu yamagetsi idzayesa kutuluka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwa opanda zingwe. Ngati mbali inayo ya waya yapindika, mphamvuyo idzatuluka mu chingwe chopatsira magetsi bwino kwambiri kuposa kale. Kutuluka kumeneku kopangidwa ndi cholinga kumatchedwa radiation.
Kuti mupeze mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya radiation, mphamvu yolepheretsa yomwe ili kumapeto kwa chingwe chotumizira magetsi iyenera kufananizidwa ndi mphamvu yolepheretsa ya malo omasuka. Taganizirani za chingwe chotumizira magetsi chokhala ndi kutalika kwa mafunde kotala. Malekezero ake akutali amasiyidwa otseguka ndikupindika, motero amapereka mphamvu yolepheretsa kwambiri. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapanga antenna ya dipole ya theka la mafunde. Ngakhale kuti mapeto a chingwe chotumizira magetsi ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsera mphamvu, mphamvu yolepheretsa kwambiri yomwe ili kumapeto kwa magetsi imafanana ndi mphamvu yolepheretsa ya malo omasuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya radiation ikhale yabwino.
Dipole
Mphamvu ikatuluka kudzera mu waya wopindika wotere, kumapeto kwa chingwe chotumizira mauthenga amatchedwa dipole kapena dipole antenna.
Kuyanjana kwa impedance yolowera kumadalira radius ndi kutalika kwa dipole. Radius ikakhala yaying'ono, kukula kwa reactance kumakulirakulira, ndipo reactance imagwirizana ndi kutalika kwa mafunde. Chifukwa chake, kutalika ndi radius ya dipole ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Kawirikawiri, impedance ya antenna ya dipole ndi pafupifupi 72 Ω.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuthandiza kufotokoza bwino lingaliro ili.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha circuit cha dipole yosavuta yolumikizidwa ku chingwe chotumizira mauthenga. Mu antenna ya dipole, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yayikulu pakati ndipo imatsika kufika pa zero kumapeto, pomwe magetsi amakhala ochepa pakati ndipo amawonjezeka kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kumapeto.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma antenna a waya ndi awa: antenna ya half-wave dipole, antenna ya half-wave folded dipole, antenna ya full-wave dipole, antenna ya short dipole, ndi antenna ya infinitesimal dipole. Mitundu yonse ya ma antenna iyi idzakambidwa m'mitu yotsatirayi.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-29-2026
