Cholumikizira cha antenna ndi cholumikizira chamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida zama radio frequency ndi zingwe. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutumiza ma signalo apamwamba.
Cholumikiziracho chili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri ofananiza impedance, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti kuwunikira ndi kutayika kwa chizindikiro kumachepetsedwa panthawi yotumizira pakati pa cholumikizira ndi chingwe. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino kuti chisasokonezedwe ndi maginito akunja kuti asakhudze mtundu wa chizindikiro.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma antenna ndi monga SMA, BNC, N-type, TNC, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito.
Nkhaniyi ikudziwitsaninso za ma connector angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka cholumikizira
Cholumikizira cha SMA
Cholumikizira cha coaxial cha mtundu wa SMA RF ndi cholumikizira cha RF/microwave chomwe chinapangidwa ndi Bendix ndi Omni-Spectra kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950. Chinali chimodzi mwa zolumikizira zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panthawiyo.
Poyamba, zolumikizira za SMA zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zingwe za coaxial zokwana 0.141″ zolimba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu ntchito za microwave mumakampani ankhondo, ndi Teflon dielectric fill.
Chifukwa cholumikizira cha SMA ndi chaching'ono ndipo chimagwira ntchito pama frequency apamwamba (ma frequency osiyanasiyana ndi DC mpaka 18GHz chikalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zolimba pang'ono, ndi DC mpaka 12.4GHz chikalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zosinthasintha), chikutchuka mwachangu. Makampani ena tsopano amatha kupanga zolumikizira za SMA mozungulira DC~27GHz. Ngakhale kupanga zolumikizira zamafunde a millimeter (monga 3.5mm, 2.92mm) kumaganizira kuti zimagwirizana ndi zolumikizira za SMA.
Cholumikizira cha SMA
Cholumikizira cha BNC
Dzina lonse la cholumikizira cha BNC ndi Bayonet Nut Connector (cholumikizira cholumikizira cholumikizira, dzinali limafotokoza bwino mawonekedwe a cholumikizira ichi), chotchedwa dzina la makina ake otsekera ndi bayonet komanso opanga ake Paul Neill ndi Carl Concelman.
ndi cholumikizira chofala cha RF chomwe chimachepetsa kuwunikira/kutayika kwa mafunde. Zolumikizira za BNC nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagwiritsidwe ntchito otsika mpaka apakati ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina olumikizirana opanda zingwe, ma TV, zida zoyesera, ndi zida zamagetsi za RF.
Zolumikizira za BNC zinkagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'maukonde apakompyuta oyambirira. Cholumikizira cha BNC chimathandizira ma frequency a ma signal kuyambira 0 mpaka 4GHz, koma chingathenso kugwira ntchito mpaka 12GHz ngati mtundu wapadera wapamwamba wopangidwira ma frequency awa ugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali mitundu iwiri ya impedance yodziwika bwino, yomwe ndi 50 ohms ndi 75 ohms. Zolumikizira za BNC za 50 ohm ndizodziwika kwambiri.
Cholumikizira cha mtundu wa N
Cholumikizira cha antenna cha mtundu wa N chinapangidwa ndi Paul Neal ku Bell Labs m'zaka za m'ma 1940. Zolumikizira za mtundu wa N poyamba zinapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za magulu ankhondo ndi ndege kuti zilumikize machitidwe a radar ndi zida zina zama wailesi. Cholumikizira cha mtundu wa N chinapangidwa ndi ulusi wolumikizira, womwe umapereka kufananiza bwino kwa impedance ndi magwiridwe antchito oteteza, ndipo ndi choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso ma frequency otsika.
Ma frequency osiyanasiyana a zolumikizira za Type N nthawi zambiri amadalira kapangidwe kake ndi miyezo yopangira. Kawirikawiri, zolumikizira za mtundu wa N zimatha kuphimba ma frequency osiyanasiyana kuyambira 0 Hz (DC) mpaka 11 GHz mpaka 18 GHz. Komabe, zolumikizira zamtundu wa N zapamwamba zimatha kuthandizira ma frequency apamwamba, kufika pa 18 GHz. Mu ntchito zenizeni, zolumikizira zamtundu wa N zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pama frequency otsika mpaka apakati, monga kulumikizana popanda zingwe, kuwulutsa, kulumikizana ndi satellite ndi makina a radar.
Cholumikizira cha mtundu wa N
Cholumikizira cha TNC
Cholumikizira cha TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman) chinapangidwa ndi Paul Neill ndi Carl Concelman kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960. Ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa cholumikizira cha BNC ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira yolumikizidwa.
Impedance yodziwika bwino ndi 50 ohms, ndipo ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito abwino kwambiri ndi 0-11GHz. Mu band ya ma frequency a microwave, zolumikizira za TNC zimagwira ntchito bwino kuposa zolumikizira za BNC. Ili ndi mawonekedwe okana mwamphamvu kugwedezeka, kudalirika kwambiri, mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakanika ndi zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida zama wailesi ndi zida zamagetsi polumikiza zingwe za RF coaxial.
Cholumikizira cha 3.5mm
Cholumikizira cha 3.5mm ndi cholumikizira cha coaxial cha ma radio frequency. M'mimba mwake wamkati mwa kondakitala wakunja ndi 3.5mm, impedance yodziwika bwino ndi 50Ω, ndipo njira yolumikizira ndi ulusi wa 1/4-36UNS-2 inchi.
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1970, makampani aku America a Hewlett-Packard ndi Amphenol (omwe adapangidwa makamaka ndi HP Company, ndipo kupanga koyambirira kunachitika ndi Amphenol Company) adayambitsa cholumikizira cha 3.5mm, chomwe chili ndi ma frequency ogwirira ntchito mpaka 33GHz ndipo ndiye ma frequency oyambira kwambiri a wailesi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu millimeter wave band. Chimodzi mwa zolumikizira za coaxial.
Poyerekeza ndi zolumikizira za SMA (kuphatikiza "Super SMA" ya Southwest Microwave), zolumikizira za 3.5mm zimagwiritsa ntchito dielectric ya mpweya, zimakhala ndi ma conductor akunja okhuthala kuposa zolumikizira za SMA, ndipo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yamakina. Chifukwa chake, sikuti mphamvu yamagetsi yokha ndi yabwino kuposa ya zolumikizira za SMA, komanso kulimba kwa makina ndi kubwerezabwereza magwiridwe antchito ndizokwera kuposa za zolumikizira za SMA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani oyesera.
Cholumikizira cha 2.92mm
Cholumikizira cha 2.92mm, opanga ena amachitcha kuti cholumikizira cha 2.9mm kapena K-type, ndipo opanga ena amachitcha kuti SMK, KMC, WMP4 connector, ndi zina zotero, ndi cholumikizira cha radio frequency coaxial chokhala ndi m'mimba mwake wamkati wa conductor wakunja wa 2.92mm. Makhalidwe a Impedance ndi 50Ω ndipo njira yolumikizira ndi ulusi wa 1/4-36UNS-2 inchi. Kapangidwe kake ndi kofanana ndi cholumikizira cha 3.5mm, koma kakang'ono kwambiri.
Mu 1983, mainjiniya wamkulu wa Wiltron, William.Old.Field, adapanga cholumikizira chatsopano cha 2.92mm/K-type potengera chidule ndi kugonjetsa zolumikizira zamafunde a millimeter zomwe zidayambitsidwa kale (cholumikizira cha mtundu wa K ndi chizindikiro). M'mimba mwake wa conductor wamkati wa cholumikizira ichi ndi 1.27mm ndipo ukhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zolumikizira za SMA ndi zolumikizira za 3.5mm.
Cholumikizira cha 2.92mm chili ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino kwambiri pa ma frequency range (0-46) GHz ndipo chimagwirizana ndi makina olumikizira a SMA ndi ma connector a 3.5mm. Zotsatira zake, mwachangu chinakhala chimodzi mwa ma mmWave connectors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Cholumikizira cha 2.4mm
Kupanga cholumikizira cha 2.4mm kunachitika pamodzi ndi HP (yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Keysight Technologies), Amphenol ndi M/A-COM. Chingaganizidwe ngati mtundu wocheperako wa cholumikizira cha 3.5mm, kotero pali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ma frequency apamwamba. Cholumikizira ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakina a 50GHz ndipo chimatha kugwira ntchito mpaka 60GHz. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto lakuti zolumikizira za SMA ndi 2.92mm zimatha kuwonongeka, cholumikizira cha 2.4mm chapangidwa kuti chichotse zofooka izi powonjezera makulidwe a khoma lakunja la cholumikizira ndikulimbitsa ma pini achikazi. Kapangidwe katsopano kameneka kamalola cholumikizira cha 2.4mm kugwira ntchito bwino pamagwiritsidwe ntchito apamwamba.
Kupanga kwa zolumikizira za antenna kwasintha kuchoka pakupanga ulusi wosavuta kupita ku mitundu yambiri ya zolumikizira zapamwamba. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, zolumikizira zikupitilizabe kutsatira makhalidwe a kukula kochepa, ma frequency apamwamba komanso bandwidth yayikulu kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosintha za kulumikizana opanda zingwe. Cholumikizira chilichonse chili ndi makhalidwe ake ndi zabwino zake pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito, kotero kusankha cholumikizira cha antenna choyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire mtundu ndi kukhazikika kwa kutumiza kwa chizindikiro.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-26-2023
