Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ma antennaimafotokoza momwe mphamvu ya RF yovomerezeka imasinthidwira bwino kukhala mphamvu yowala. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la antenna chifukwa kutayika kwa kondakitala, kutayika kwa dielectric ndi kusagwirizana kwa impedance kumatha kuchepetsa kuwala komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale antenna ili ndi mawonekedwe oyenera.
Njira yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya radiation ndi iyi:
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, erad= Prad/ Pyalandiridwa
Kuchita bwino konse kumaphatikizaponso kusagwirizana pa antenna input:
Kuchita bwino konse, e0= (1 - |Γ|2) erad
kumene Pradndi mphamvu yowala, PyalandiridwaMphamvu yake ndi yovomerezeka ndipo Γ ndiye coefficient yowunikira yolowera. Bukuli likufotokoza njira zogwirira ntchito bwino za antenna, njira zotayira, phindu, chitsogozo, phindu lodziwika bwino ndi njira zoyezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Kugwira Ntchito kwa Antena: Matanthauzidwe ndi Mafomula
Chithunzi 1
Lingaliro la kugwira ntchito bwino kwa antenna lingathe kufotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Chithunzi 1.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya antenna e0 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kutayika kwa antenna pazolowera komanso mkati mwa kapangidwe ka antenna. Potengera Chithunzi 1(b), kutayika kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha:
1. Kuwunikira chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa chingwe chotumizira ndi antenna;
2. Kutayika kwa kondakitala ndi dielectric.
Mphamvu yonse ya antenna ingapezeke kuchokera ku fomula iyi:
Ndiko kuti, kugwira ntchito bwino konse = zotsatira za kusalingana bwino, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kondakitala ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa dielectric.
Kawirikawiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwerengera momwe conductor imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe dielectric imagwirira ntchito, koma zimatha kudziwika ndi zoyeserera. Komabe, zoyeserera sizingasiyanitse kutayika kuwiri, kotero njira yomwe ili pamwambapa ikhoza kulembedwanso motere:
ecd ndiye mphamvu ya radiation ya antenna ndipo Γ ndiye coefficient yowunikira.
Kupeza, Kutsogolera ndi Kupeza Komwe Kulipo
Malangizoimafotokoza momwe mawonekedwe a radiation alili okhazikika mbali ina.Phindukuphatikiza kuwongolera ndi mphamvu ya radiation:
G = eradD
kumene G ndi phindu, D ndi chitsogozo ndipo eradndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, Gain imayambitsa kutayika kwa kondakitala ndi dielectric koma nthawi zambiri imachotsa kutayika kwa impedance-mismatch.
Kawirikawiri, limatanthauza phindu loyerekeza, lomwe limatanthauzidwa ngati "chiŵerengero cha phindu la mphamvu mbali ina ku mphamvu ya antenna yofotokozera mbali ina". Mphamvu yolowera ku antenna iyi iyenera kukhala yofanana. Antena yofotokozera ikhoza kukhala vibrator, horn kapena antenna ina. Nthawi zambiri, gwero losalunjika limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antenna yofotokozera. Chifukwa chake:
Ubale pakati pa mphamvu yonse yowala ndi mphamvu yonse yolowera ndi motere:
Phindu lodziwikaimaphatikizapo zotsatira za kusalingana kwa zolowera ndipo zimagwirizana ndi phindu la:
Ganazindikira= (1 - |Γ|2)G
Ngati antenna ikugwirizana bwino, phindu lodziwika bwino limayandikira phindu. Ngati kusiyana kuli kwakukulu, phindu lodziwika bwino limachepa ngakhale pamene mawonekedwe a radiation ndi mphamvu ya radiation sizikusintha.
Ubale pakati pa phindu ndi chitsogozo ndi:
Ngati antenna ikugwirizana bwino ndi chingwe chotumizira, |Γ| = 0 ndipo phindu lodziwika bwino limafanana ndi phindu. Mu machitidwe othandiza, kutayika kwa chingwe ndi malo owunikira calibration ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa poyerekeza mitengo yoyesedwa ndi yoyerekezeredwa.
Zinthu Zofunika Zomwe Zimachepetsa Kugwira Ntchito kwa Antena
- Kuyendetsa bwino kwa kondakitala ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba
- Kutayika kwa dielectric mu substrates, radomes ndi zipangizo zothandizira
- Kusagwirizana kwa impedance pa chakudya
- Ma network ofanana, zolumikizira ndi kapangidwe ka chakudya chotayika
- Kuyika pafupi ndi chitsulo, zinthu zoyamwa kapena thupi la munthu
- Kulekerera kwa kupanga ndi kugawa kwamakono komwe kumadalira pafupipafupi
Momwe Kugwira Ntchito kwa Antena Kumayezedwera
Njira yoyezera imatengera mtundu wa antenna, kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ndi malo oyesera omwe alipo. Njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kuyerekeza kwa gain-directivity, kuphatikiza ma radiation-pattern, kuyeza reverberation-chamber ndi njira ya Wheeler-cap ya ma antenna ang'onoang'ono oyenera amagetsi. Kulinganiza molondola, kukonza chingwe-kutayika, kulumikizana kwa polarization ndi malo ofotokozera momveka bwino ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino ndi Kupeza Ndalama Posankha Antena
Kuchita bwino, kupeza, kupeza bwino, bandwidth, polarization, beamwidth ndi VSWR ziyenera kuyesedwa pamodzi. Antena yowongolera kwambiri ikhoza kuperekabe phindu lotsika ngati kutayika kapena kusalingana kuli kwakukulu. Mainjiniya ayenera kuyerekeza mtengo wonse wa band yogwirira ntchito komanso pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyimilira.
Fufuzani RF MISOmayankho a antennakapena onaninso zathukuthekera koyesa antenna. Kuti musankhe zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito, gawani gulu la operating band, gain yomwe ikufunika, polarization, mounting limits, ndi test environment ndi gulu la RF MISO.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-14-2024
