Ma antenna a Horn ndi ena mwa ma antenna otsogolera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu microwave ndi millimeter-wave engineering. Kapangidwe kake kosavuta ka makina, mawonekedwe a radiation odziwikiratu, kuwunikira kochepa, komanso kuthekera kopeza phindu lapakati mpaka lalikulu kumapangitsa kuti akhale ofunika kwambiri pakuyeza ma antenna, kuyesa kwa EMC, radar, machitidwe olumikizirana, machitidwe odyetsa, ndi ma laboratories a RF.
Antena ya nyanga imatha kuonedwa ngatichitsogozo cha mafunde chokhala ndi chitseko chotseguka pang'onopang'onoM'malo molola mafunde amagetsi kuti akumane ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku waveguide kupita ku malo omasuka, gawo loyaka limapereka kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimathandiza kukonza kufananiza kwa impedance ndikuyendetsa mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi kupita ku kuwala kolamulidwa.
Kutengera ndi mawonekedwe a waveguide ndi komwe aperture imakulitsidwira, ma antenna a horn amatha kupangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizaponyanga za magawo, nyanga za piramidi, ndi nyanga zozunguliraNkhani yoyambirira yofotokozera ikugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe atatuwa ngati chiyambi chachikulu cha kapangidwe ka antenna ya horn.
1. Kodi Antena ya Horn Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Chitsogozo cha mafunde chimatseka mphamvu ya maginito mkati mwa kapangidwe kake. Pamene mafunde otsogozedwa afika kumapeto otseguka, gawo lina la mphamvu limatuluka mu malo omasuka, pomwe gawo lina limatha kuwonetsedwa chifukwa cha kusintha pakati pa mafunde ndi ma free-space impedances.
Antena ya horn imachepetsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumeneku mwa kukulitsa pang'onopang'ono gawo la waveguide kupita ku aperture.
Pamene mafunde a maginito amagetsi akufalikira kudutsa mu gawo lotseguka, mundawu umakula pamwamba pa malo otseguka akuluakulu. Kenako malo otsegukawo amatuluka m'malo omasuka ndikupanga kuwala kolunjika.
Chifukwa chake, motowu umagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika:
- Zimapereka kusintha kosalala pakati pa waveguide ndi malo omasuka.
- Zimawonjezera mwayi wopeza kuwala kogwira mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwalako kukhale kolunjika komanso kokongola.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nyangasizimachotsa kwathunthu kuwunikira kapena mafunde oyimaM'malo mwake, nyanga yopangidwa moyenera imatha kuchepetsa kuwunikira ndikupereka kufananiza kwabwino kwa impedance, komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa mu VSWR yotsika.
Chithunzi 1. Antena wamba wa nyanga yokhala ndi chitseko cha mafunde chomwe chimatseguka pang'onopang'ono.
2. Kuchuluka kwa Ntchito ya Ma Antena a Horn
Ma antenna a nyanga alibe ma frequency amodzi.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito yawo kumatsimikiziridwa kwambiri ndimiyeso ya waveguide, mawonekedwe a waveguide, geometry ya aperture, kapangidwe ka chakudya, ndi bandwidth yomwe mukufuna.
Ma antenna achikhalidwe a horn amapezeka kwambiri pama microwave ndi ma millimeter-wave frequency chifukwa kukula kwa waveguide kumakhala kothandiza pamene kutalika kwa wavelength kumachepa. Komabe, mapangidwe apadera a horn ya broadband amathanso kugwira ntchito pama frequency otsika, pomwe ma waveguide olondola amatha kufalikira bwino mpaka ma millimeter-wave ndi sub-THz bands.
Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe a ma antenna a horn angapezeke kuyambira pa mazana a megahertz mpaka kupitirira 100 GHz. RF MISO pakadali pano imapereka makonzedwe a horn ya broadband omwe amagwira ntchito kuyambira300–750 MHz, komanso ma antenna ozungulira nyanga220–325 GHz, kusonyeza momwe kutalika kwa ma frequency a banja la antenna iyi kungakhalire kwakukulu.
3. Mitundu Yaikulu ya Ma Antena a Nyanga
3.1 Antena ya Mnyanga Yachigawo
Horn ya gawo imapangidwa pamene woyendetsa mafunde amakona anayi akuphulika m'mbali imodzi yokha.
Ngati waveguide yakulitsidwa muNdege yamagetsi, kapangidwe kake kamatchedwaHoni ya gawo la ndege ya e-planeNgati kukulako kukuchitika muNdege ya H, imatchedwaHoni ya H-plane sectoral.
Popeza kukula kwa malo otseguka kumawonjezeka mu gawo limodzi lokha, mawonekedwe a denga amaonekera bwino mu gawo lofananalo.
3.2 Antena ya Horn ya Piramidi
Nyanga ya piramidi imapangidwa pamene chiwongolero cha mafunde amakona anayi chimayatsidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za E-plane ndi H-plane.
Kapangidwe kameneka kamafanana ndi piramidi yodulidwa ndipo kamapereka kukula kwa malo otseguka m'magawo onse awiri.
Nyanga za piramidi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngatima horn okhazikika komanso ma antenna ofotokozerachifukwa mawonekedwe awo a kukwera ndi kunyezimira amatha kufotokozedwa bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, RF MISO imapereka ma antenna okhazikika a gain horn m'ma microwave ndi ma millimeter-wave band ambiri. Banja lake lokhazikika la WR10 gain horn limaphatikizapo mitundu yomwe imagwira ntchito kuchokera ku75 mpaka 110 GHz, yokhala ndi phindu linalake, VSWR, polarization ndi beamwidth.
3.3 Antena ya Horn Yozungulira
Nyanga yozungulira nthawi zambiri imapangidwa mwa kukulitsa pang'onopang'ono mafunde ozungulira kupita ku malo ozungulira.
Mosiyana ndi nyanga ya piramidi, yomwe imachokera ku guide ya mafunde amakona anayi, nyanga ya conical imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ozungulira.
Ma antenna a nyanga yozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma microwave, ma millimeter-wave, chakudya ndi muyeso. Kutengera kapangidwe ka chakudya ndi netiweki ya polarization, amathanso kuthandizira makonzedwe apadera a polarization.
Chithunzi 2. Mapangidwe a antenna a nyanga wamba: E-plane sectoral, H-plane sectoral, pyramidal ndi conical horns.
4. Ngodya Yoyaka, Kukula kwa Mpata ndi Utali wa Nyanga
Maonekedwe a nyanga amakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe ake amagetsi.
Magawo atatu ofunikira a kapangidwe ndi awa:
ngodya ya flare, kukula kwa malo otseguka, ndi kutalika kwa nyanga.
Kutsegula kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kungapereke chiwongolero chapamwamba komanso kuwala kopapatiza, koma kungowonjezera ngodya ya flare sikutanthauza kuti imagwira ntchito bwino.
Ngati nyanga ndi yayifupi kwambiri kuti isakwane kukula kwa dzenje linalake, kusintha kwakukulu kwa gawo kungawonekere kudutsa dzenjelo. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya dzenje ndipo zitha kuwononga mawonekedwe a radiation.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kupanga nyanga kukhala yayitali kwambiri kumawonjezera kukula ndi kulemera kwa makina popanda kupangitsa kuti ntchito iyende bwino mofanana.
Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka nyanga kamafuna kulinganiza:
- Kukula kwa kabowo
- Ngodya ya kuyaka
- Utali
- Cholakwika cha gawo
- Phindu
- M'lifupi mwake
- Miyeso ya makina
5. Kapangidwe ka Radiation ndi Makhalidwe a Beam
Ma antenna a nyanga nthawi zambiri amakhala ma radiator owongolera mbali.
Mphamvu yamagetsi imayikidwa makamaka kutsogolo kudzera mu dzenje, ndikupanga mtanda waukulu womveka bwino pamodzi ndi ma sidelobes.
Kudula mitundu iwiri ya ma radiation ndikofunikira kwambiri:
- Kapangidwe ka kuwala kwa ndege ya e-plane
- Kapangidwe ka kuwala kwa ndege ya H
The3 dB m'lifupi mwa beamKawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza m'lifupi mwa ngodya yaikulu pakati pa mfundo ziwiri pomwe mphamvu yowala imatsika ndi 3 dB pansi pa mtengo wake wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, kuwonjezera malo otseguka bwino poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa mafunde kumawonjezera kuwongolera ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kuwala.
Ubale umenewu ukhozanso kuwonedwa mu ma antenna a nyanga ya millimeter-wave. Mwachitsanzo, ma RF MISO's 75–110 GHz standard gain horns amatchula makhalidwe a E-plane ndi H-plane beamwidth pamodzi ndi gain ndi deta ya VSWR.
Chithunzi 3. Chithunzi cha kukula kwa mafunde amagetsi ndi kuwala kudzera mu thumba la nyanga.
6. Ubwino wa Ma Antena a Horn
Ma antenna a nyanga amapereka zabwino zingapo pamakina a RF ndi ma microwave:
Malangizo abwino
Chitseko chokulirapo chimaika mphamvu ya kuwala patsogolo.
Makhalidwe a radiation omwe angadziwike
Ma antenna a nyanga opangidwa bwino angapereke mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso omveka bwino a E-plane ndi H-plane.
Kufananiza bwino kwa impedance
Kusintha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku waveguide kupita ku malo omasuka kungachepetse kuwunikira ndikuthandizira VSWR yochepa.
Kupeza phindu lapakati mpaka lalikulu
Makulidwe osiyanasiyana a maenje ndi kutalika kwa nyanga zitha kupangidwa kuti zipereke milingo yosiyanasiyana ya kukwera.
Kapangidwe kosavuta
Poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe ambiri ovuta a antenna okwera mtengo, nyanga zachikhalidwe zimakhala zosavuta komanso zolimba.
Yoyenera kuyeza pafupipafupi
Kapangidwe kawo kozikidwa pa mafunde a mafunde kamapangitsa ma antenna a horn kukhala ofunika kwambiri mu makina oyezera ma microwave ndi ma millimeter-wave.
7. Zoganizira ndi Zolepheretsa Pakapangidwe
Ma antenna a nyanga amaphatikizaponso kusinthana kwa mainjiniya angapo.
Kupeza mphamvu zambiri nthawi zambiri kumafuna malo otseguka amagetsi ambiri, omwe angawonjezere kukula kwa antenna.
Ubale pakati pa kukula kwa malo otseguka, kutalika kwa nyanga ndi ngodya ya malo otseguka uyeneranso kulamulidwa mosamala kuti pakhale kufalikira kovomerezeka kwa gawo lonselo.
Pa ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri, kulondola kwa makina, mtundu wa pamwamba, kukula kwa ma waveguide ndi kulumikizana kwa flange kumakhala kofunika kwambiri chifukwa ngakhale zolakwika zazing'ono zamakina zimatha kuyimira gawo lalikulu la kutalika kwa mafunde.
Chifukwa chake, mainjiniya ayenera kuwunika osati kuchuluka kwa phindu ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency okha, komanso:
VSWR, polarization, magwiridwe antchito a cross-polarization, beamwidth, sidelobe level, RF interface, power handling ndi mechanical tolerance.
8. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Antena a Horn
Chifukwa cha kuwala kwawo kolunjika, mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso kugwirizana ndi machitidwe a mafunde, ma antenna a nyanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu:
- Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma antenna
- Kuyeza kwa mawonekedwe a radiation
- Kuyesa kwa EMC ndi EMI
- Machitidwe a radar
- Kulankhulana kwa ma microwave ndi ma millimeter-wave
- Kuyesa kwa antenna ya satelayiti
- Kupeza njira ndi kuyang'anira
- Kuyeza chipinda cha Anechoic
- Ma antenna owonetsa kuwala
- Kafukufuku wa RF ndi machitidwe a labotale
- Kugwiritsa ntchito ma antenna owunikira ndi owunikira
Mapangidwe a ma horn a broadband angaperekenso bandwidth yogwira ntchito kwambiri poyezera ndi kuyang'anira makina. Mwachitsanzo, ma antenna a RF MISO a 18–40 GHz a broadband horn amasankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kuphatikiza kuyesa kwa microwave, kuyeza ma antenna, kuyesa ma antenna a satellite, kupeza njira, kuyang'anira ndi kuyeza kogwirizana ndi EMC.
Mapeto
Antena ya nyanga imasintha mafunde amagetsi otsogozedwa kukhala kuwala kwa malo opanda kanthu kudzera mu kutsegula kwa mafunde komwe kumakula pang'onopang'ono.
Kuphatikiza kwake kwakufananiza bwino kwa impedance, kuwala kolunjika, mawonekedwe a cheza chodziwikiratu, phindu lothandiza komanso kapangidwe kosavutayapanga horn kukhala imodzi mwa mapangidwe ofunikira kwambiri a antenna mu microwave ndi millimeter-wave engineering.
Kuyambira nyanga za magawo ndi za piramidi mpaka mapangidwe a conical ndi broadband, mapangidwe osiyanasiyana amatha kukonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi ma frequency ranges enaake, zofunikira pa polarization, milingo ya gain ndi malo oyezera.
Kwa mainjiniya omwe amasankha antenna ya horn, kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ndi komwe kumayambira. Gain, VSWR, beamwidth, polarization, waveguide kapena coaxial interface, power handling ndi ma mechanical dimensions zonse ziyenera kuyesedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za RF system yonse.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-21-2026
