Kodi Antena Yozungulira Ndi Chiyani?
Antena yozungulira imapangidwa mwa kukonza chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zoyendetsera magetsi munjira yotsekedwa ndikudyetsa kapangidwe kake ndi chizindikiro cha RF. Chingwecho chikhoza kukhala chozungulira, cha sikweya, chamakona anayi, chamakona atatu, cha elliptical, kapena chopangidwa mwanjira ina kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zinazake zamakanika ndi zamagetsi.
Yankho lachangu:Antena yozungulira imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsekeka yoyendetsera magetsi kuti itumize kapena kulandira mphamvu ya RF. Malupu ang'onoang'ono amagetsi amachita ngati ma dipole a maginito, pomwe malupu akuluakulu a resonant ali ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kosagwirizana komanso kukana kwambiri kwa ma radiation.
Mosiyana ndi mwambo wambamlongoti wa dipole, yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi chinthu chamagetsi, kuzungulira kwaching'ono kwamagetsi kumachita ngati dipole yamaginito. Kugwira ntchito kwake kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi gawo la maginito la mafunde amagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma antenna a chizunguliro akhale othandiza kwambiri polandira, kupeza njira, kuzindikira pafupi ndi malo, RFID, ndi machitidwe oyezera maginito.
Ma antenna ozungulira samangokhala pa ma frequency amodzi okha. Ma frequency awo ogwirira ntchito amadalira kuzungulira kwa ma circuit poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa mafunde, kuchuluka kwa ma turns, kukula kwa conductor, zigawo zonyamula katundu, kapangidwe ka chakudya, ndi malo ozungulira omwe amayikidwa. Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a ma circuit amapezeka kuyambira machitidwe olandila ma frequency otsika mpaka UHF ndi ma microwave application.
Kapangidwe Koyambira ndi Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
Pamene mphamvu ya RF ikuyenda mozungulira kuzungulira kwa conductive loop, imapanga mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira pafupifupi ndege ya kuzungulira. Pogwira ntchito, mphamvu ya maginito yosintha yomwe imadutsa mu kuzungulira imayambitsa magetsi pa malo ake olumikizira magetsi.
Mphamvu ya chizindikiro cholandiridwa imadalira zinthu zingapo:
- Malo ozungulira
- Chiwerengero cha malo otembenukira
- Mafupipafupi ogwirira ntchito
- Kuyang'ana mozungulira gawo lomwe likubwera
- Kukana kwa kondakitala
- Kukonza ndi kufananiza netiweki
- Zotchingira ndi zomangamanga zachitsulo zapafupi
Pa lupu yaying'ono yamagetsi, kukula kwa magetsi ndi gawo lake zitha kuonedwa ngati zofanana mozungulira kondakitala. Kuyerekeza kumeneku kumakhala kocheperako pamene kuzungulira kwake kukuwonjezeka. Mu lupu yayikulu yolumikizana, kugawa kwa magetsi kumasiyana kwambiri mozungulira kapangidwe kake ndipo kumapanga mawonekedwe a kuwala kosiyana ndi a lupu yaying'ono ya maginito.
Ma Antenna Ang'onoang'ono Ozungulira
Antena yaying'ono yozungulira imakhala ndi mkombero wocheperako kuposa kutalika kwa nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Kuyerekeza kwaukadaulo komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi:
C ≤ 0.1λ
kumene C ndi kuzungulira kwa kuzungulira ndipo λ ndi kutalika kwa mafunde.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa kwa magetsi, kuzungulira kochepa nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi kukana kochepa kwa ma radiation. Chifukwa chake, kutayika kwa kondakitala kungakhale gawo lalikulu la kukana kwake konse kolowera, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ma radiation pamene antenna ikugwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza.
Ma loops ang'onoang'ono nawonso ndi ofunikira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira capacitor yokonza kapena netiweki yofananira. Akakonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi resonance, amatha kupereka mphamvu yolandirira, koma khalidwe lawo lapamwamba lingayambitse bandwidth yocheperako yogwirira ntchito.
Makhalidwe amenewa sapangitsa kuti ma antenna ang'onoang'ono asakhale abwino. M'malo mwake, amawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe kukula kwake, mphamvu ya maginito, ma nulls olunjika, kapena kusankha kwa narrowband ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya radiation yambiri.
Ma Antenna Aakulu Ozungulira
Chizunguliro chachikulu, chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa chizunguliro chozungulira, chimakhala ndi circumference chomwe sichili chaching'ono kwambiri pamagetsi. Kapangidwe kofala kamagwiritsa ntchito circumference yofanana ndi kutalika kwa mafunde amodzi:
C ≈ λ
Pankhaniyi, mphamvu yamagetsi si yofanana mozungulira kuzungulira. Kutalika kwake ndi kusintha kwa gawo lake motsatira kondakitala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugawa kwa magetsi kukhale kovuta kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi ma loops ang'onoang'ono amagetsi, ma loops ozungulira nthawi zambiri amapereka kukana kwakukulu kwa ma radiation komanso kuyendetsa bwino ma transmitter. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma antenna othandiza kutumiza kapena kulandira, ngakhale kuti impedance yawo, polarization ndi mawonekedwe a ma radiation zimadalira kwambiri kuzungulira, mawonekedwe, malo odyetsera ndi malo oyika.
Ma loops ozungulira ndi a sikweya ndi mafunde ozungulira omwe amapangidwa mozungulira ndi ofala kwambiri. Lupu ya sikweya ingakhale yosavuta kupanga ndikuyiyika, pomwe lupu yozungulira imapereka mawonekedwe osalala komanso ofanana. Ngati onse ali ndi kuzungulira kwamagetsi kofanana, magwiridwe antchito awo onse amatha kufanana, ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe enieni a impedance ndi mawonekedwe amasiyana.
Antena Yaing'ono Yozungulira vs. Yaikulu Yozungulira
Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kukula kwa magetsi osati mawonekedwe enieni. Gome ili pansipa likufotokoza mwachidule kusiyana kwa uinjiniya wamba.
| Chinthu chopangidwa | Antena yaying'ono yozungulira | Antena yayikulu yozungulira |
|---|---|---|
| Mzere wamagetsi | Kawirikawiri siziposa 0.1λ | Kawirikawiri amapangidwa pafupi ndi kutalika kwa funde limodzi kuti azitha kumveka bwino |
| Kugawa kwamakono | Pafupifupi zofanana mu kukula ndi gawo | Zimasiyana malinga ndi kondakitala |
| Kukana kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa | Zochepa, kotero kutayika kwa kondakitala kungakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito | Yapamwamba komanso yoyenera kwambiri kutumiza |
| Kukonza ndi kufananiza | Kawirikawiri inductive ndipo nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa ndi capacitor | Zimadalira kuzungulira, mawonekedwe ndi malo odyetsera |
| Kapangidwe ka kuwala | Kapangidwe ka maginito-dipole kokhala ndi ma nulls a axial akuya | Zovuta kwambiri komanso zimadalira kwambiri geometry |
| Ntchito zachizolowezi | Kulandira, kupeza njira, kuzindikira pafupi ndi munda ndi RFID | Kulandira ndi kutumiza njira zolumikizirana |
Chithunzi 1. Zitsanzo za mawonekedwe a antenna ozungulira ndi a sikweya.
Chitsanzo cha Kuwala kwa Antena Yozungulira
Kapangidwe ka kuwala kwa lupu yaying'ono yamagetsi kamafanana ndi ka dipole yoyenera ya maginito. Kuwala kwa kuwala kumakhala kochepa kwambiri mozungulira mzere wozungulira ndipo kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri m'mbali zomwe zili mkati mwa lupu.
Mu miyeso itatu, chitsanzo chabwino chimafanana ndi torus yozungulira mzere wa loop. Pamene loop yaying'ono yayikidwa molunjika, yankho lake lolunjika nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nambala eyiti, ndi ma nulls awiri akuya ofanana ndi a loop plane.
Ma nulls awa ndi othandiza pakupeza njira ndi kuletsa kusokoneza. Mwa kuzunguliza antenna mpaka chizindikiro cholandiridwacho chifike pang'ono, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kudziwa mzere wolowera kapena wopita kutali ndi komwe chizindikirocho chimachokera.
Kulowera kwa yankho lalikulu, kuya kwa null ndi polarization zimadalira momwe loop imayendera, dongosolo la chakudya, kutalika kwa kukhazikitsa, geometry ya conductor ndi zomangamanga zapafupi. Chifukwa chake, polarization siyenera kufotokozedwa kokha malinga ndi malo a malo odyetsera.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kugawanika kopingasa, kolunjika komanso kozungulira, onani buku lathu lotsogolera kukugawanika kwa tinyanga.
Chithunzi 2. Mawonekedwe owonetsera ma radiation a antenna yozungulira pa ngodya zosiyanasiyana zokwezeka.
Kudyetsa, Kukonza ndi Kufananiza Impedance
Kulepheretsa kwa antenna yozungulira kumadalira kwambiri kukula kwake kwamagetsi.
Chizunguliro chaching'ono nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi reactance yoyambitsa komanso kukana kwa radiation kochepa. Kachipangizo kosinthika kapena kokhazikika kangalumikizidwe kuti kapange dera lozungulira pafupipafupi yofunikira. Cholumikizira cha transformer, kufananiza gamma, cholumikizira cha capacitive kapena ma circuits a amplifier angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kulumikiza antenna ndi cholandirira kapena makina a 50-ohm RF.
Pa ntchito zotumizira, kutayika kwa kondakitala, kutayika kwa capacitor, ndi kuthekera koyendetsa magetsi kumafunika kuganiziridwa mosamala. Mphamvu yozungulira kwambiri imatha kuchitika mu kuzungulira kosinthika ngakhale mphamvu yolowera ikuwoneka yocheperako.
Malupu akuluakulu a resonant ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi ma radiation ambiri koma amafunikabe malo oyenera odyetsera chakudya komanso kusintha kwa impedance. Kudyetsa bwino kapena balun kungafunike kuti chingwe chodyetsera chisalowe mu dongosolo lowala.
Mawonekedwe a Loop ndi Chiwerengero cha Ma Returns
Antena yozungulira siyenera kukhala yozungulira bwino. Malupu ozungulira, amakona anayi ndi amakona anayi ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri chifukwa ndi osavuta kuwerengera ndi kupanga.
Kuyika ma turn angapo kumawonjezera mphamvu yolandirira ndi inductance yomwe imayambitsa. Komabe, kumawonjezeranso kutayika kwa kondakitala, mphamvu yogawidwa komanso zotsatira za self-resonance. Ma turn ambiri sapanga okha ntchito yabwino ya broadband.
Ndodo za Ferrite kapena ma magnetic cores nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma antenna olandila a MF ndi AM. Zinthu zamaginito zimakhazikika mu flux ya maginito kudzera mu chozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kakang'ono kapereke mphamvu yolandirira.
Pa ma frequency apamwamba, ma loops osindikizidwa, ma loops a microstrip ndi ma integrated loop structures amatha kupangidwa mwachindunji pa ma circuit board a RFID, wireless sensing, terminals communication and RF measure devices.
Ubwino wa Ma Antena Ozungulira
Ma antenna ozungulira amapereka maubwino angapo othandiza:
- Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka makina
- Maonekedwe angapo ndi mawonekedwe oyika
- Kuzindikira mphamvu ya maginito yothandiza
- Ma nulls olunjika kwambiri m'mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono
- Yoyenera kupeza njira komanso kukana kusokoneza
- Kuphatikiza kosavuta ndi kusintha ndi ma circuits ogwira ntchito
- Itha kukulitsidwa pakupanga kwa LF, HF, VHF, UHF ndi microwave
Zolepheretsa Kupanga
Zoletsa zofunika zikuphatikizapo:
- Kukana kwa kuwala kochepa m'mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono amagetsi
- Kuchepetsa mphamvu yotumizira mauthenga pamene kutayika kwa kondakitala kuli kofunika kwambiri
- Bandwidth yopapatiza m'malupu okonzedwa bwino a Q
- Kuzindikira zinthu zachitsulo zapafupi
- Mphamvu ndi magetsi othamanga kwambiri
- Kufunika koyenera kufananiza bwino impedance
- Kusokonezeka kwa kapangidwe kake komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zingwe zodyetsa ndi kapangidwe kake
Mapulogalamu Odziwika
Ma antenna ozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu:
- AM, MF, HF ndi zolandirira mafunde afupi
- Zipangizo zopezera malangizo pa wailesi
- RFID ndi njira zolumikizirana pafupi ndi munda
- Kuyeza kwa EMI ndi EMC magnetic-field
- Kuwunika kwa ma sipekitiramu ndi kuyesa mphamvu ya munda
- Kulankhulana koyambitsa ndi makina amphamvu opanda zingwe
- Mapulatifomu olandirira zinthu onyamulika komanso omangidwa m'galimoto
- Ma RF osindikizidwa ndi ma microwave circuits
- Kafukufuku wa ma antenna, kuwerengera ndi kuyeza
Pakuyeza kwa EMI ndi mphamvu ya field-strength, ma calibrated loop antennas ndi othandiza kwambiri makamaka pamene gawo la maginito-field la RF environment liyenera kuyesedwa. Mu machitidwe olumikizirana ndi owunikira, ma directional nulls awo angathandize kuchepetsa kusokoneza kapena kuzindikira komwe chizindikiro chosadziwika chikupita.
Kufunika kwa Uinjiniya
Ma antenna ozungulira amasonyeza momwe kukula kwa magetsi, kugawa kwa magetsi, kulumikizana kwa maginito ndi kufananiza kwa impedance kumakhudzira magwiridwe antchito a antenna.
Chizunguliro chofanana ndi thupi chingakhale ngati antenna yolandira maginito yocheperako, sensa yolumikizirana ndi gulu laling'ono, antenna yotumizira mafunde onse kapena chinthu cholumikizira pafupi ndi munda, kutengera kuzungulira kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
RF MISO imapereka mayankho a antenna ndi microwave component component kuti ayese RF, kulankhulana, radar, ndi zina zotero.muyeso wa antennandi kuphatikiza kwa makina. Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe koyambira monga antenna yozungulira kumathandiza mainjiniya kuwunika kuchuluka kwa ma frequency, gain, polarization, impedance, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, ndi direction response posankha kapena kupanga makina a antenna.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi antenna yozungulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani?
Ma antenna ozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito polandira wailesi, kupeza njira, RFID ndi kulumikizana pafupi ndi malo, kuyeza EMI ndi EMC, kuzindikira opanda zingwe, ndi kutumiza kapena kulandira makina pamene kuzungulirako kwapangidwira kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa lupu yaying'ono ndi antenna yayikulu yozungulira ndi kotani?
Chizunguliro chaching'ono chimakhala ndi circumference yocheperako kuposa kutalika kwa mafunde, kotero mphamvu yake yamagetsi imakhala yofanana ndipo kukana kwake kwa mafunde kumakhala kochepa. Chizunguliro chachikulu kapena chozungulira chimakhala ndi circumference yoyandikira kutalika kwa mafunde amodzi, kugawa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kosagwirizana, komanso kukana kwambiri kwa mafunde ndi mphamvu yotumizira.
Kodi mawonekedwe a radiation a antenna yozungulira ndi otani?
Chizunguliro chaching'ono chamagetsi chabwino kwambiri chimakhala ndi kuwala kochepa kwambiri motsatira mzere wolunjika ku chizungulirocho ndipo kuwala kwakukulu kwambiri kumapita mbali imodzi mkati mwa chizungulirocho. Chikayikidwa molunjika, mawonekedwe ake opingasa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a figure-eight okhala ndi ma nulls awiri akuya.
Kodi antenna yozungulira imafunika capacitor yokonza?
Ma loops ang'onoang'ono amagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala oyambitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira capacitor yolumikizira kapena netiweki yofananira kuti igwirizane ndi ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito. Loop yayikulu yolumikizirana ingagwiritse ntchito njira yofananira yosiyana kutengera kuzungulira kwake, mawonekedwe ake, malo ake odyetsera ndi kuletsa kwa chandamale.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-31-2026
