Kodi Antena ya Rhombic ndi chiyani?
Antena ya rhombic ndi antena ya waya yolunjika yopangidwa ndi zinthu zinayi zoyendetsera magetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ngati diamondi. Itha kuwonedwa ngati ma antenna awiri a V olumikizidwa kumapeto, ndi vertex imodzi yolunjika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo operekera chakudya ndi vertex yotsutsana yomwe nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ku resistor yomaliza.
Mosiyana ndi dipole yolumikizana, antenna ya rhombic yomwe yatsekedwa bwino imagwira ntchito makamaka ngati antenna yoyenda. Mphamvu ya RF imayenda kuchokera pamalo operekera chakudya m'magawo anayi a waya kupita ku katundu womaliza. Magawo a electromagnetic omwe amapangidwa ndi magawowa amaphatikizana kuti apange kuwala kozungulira motsatira mzere waukulu wa rhombus.
Ma antenna a Rhombic adadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa HF kwakutali chifukwa amatha kupereka kufalikira kwa ma frequency ambiri, kupititsa patsogolo kothandiza komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika. Komabe, kukula kwawo kwakukulu, kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kwambiri kukhazikitsa kokhazikika kuposa nsanja zolumikizirana zazing'ono.
Kapangidwe Koyambira
Antena yachikhalidwe ya rhombic imakhala ndi mawaya anayi ofanana kutalika omwe amapachikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Pamodzi, mawaya awa amapanga rhombus yopingasa yokhala ndi ma angles awiri a acute ndi ma angles awiri obisika.
Antena imaperekedwa kumapeto amodzi, pomwe kumapeto ena amalumikizidwa ndi choletsa choletsa chosayambitsa. Choletsa ichi chimasankhidwa kuti chiyerekezere kukana kwapadera kwa kapangidwe ka antena ndikuyamwa mphamvu yotsala yoyenda.
Magawo akuluakulu a kapangidwe ndi awa:
- Kutalika kwa gawo lililonse la waya
- Ngodya yolunjika kapena yapamwamba ya rhombus
- Kutalika kwa unsembe pamwamba pa nthaka
- Impedance yodyetsa mfundo
- Kuletsa kukana
- M'mimba mwake wa kondakitala
- Ma frequency osiyanasiyana ndi njira yofalitsira
Ngodya yabwino kwambiri si mtengo wokhazikika womwe ulipo nthawi zonse. Zimatengera kutalika kwa magetsi kwa mbali iliyonse ndi kukwera komwe mukufuna komanso komwe azimuth ikupita.
Chithunzi 1. Kapangidwe koyambira ka antenna yopingasa yopingasa.
Kodi Antena ya Rhombic Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Mbali iliyonse ya rhombus imagwira ntchito ngati radiator ya waya wautali. Pamene magetsi akufalikira m'ma kondakitala, gawo lililonse la waya limapanga gawo la kuwala kolunjika.
Pamene miyeso ya antenna ndi ma ngodya asankhidwa bwino, minda yomwe imawulutsidwa ndi mbali zinayi imalimbitsana mbali ina kutsogolo. Kumbali zina, zigawo zina za m'munda zimasiya pang'ono. Zotsatira zake zonse pamodzi zimakhala mtanda waukulu wopapatiza womwe uli pafupi ndi diagonal yayitali ya rhombus.
Choletsa kutha kwa magetsi chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mwa kutenga mphamvu zomwe zimafika kumapeto, chimachepetsa kuwunikira kwa magetsi ndikuletsa mafunde amphamvu oyima kuti asapangidwe pa ma conductors. Izi zimathandiza kuti antenna ikhalebe ndi mphamvu zokhazikika komanso mawonekedwe a ma radiation pamlingo wokulirapo.
Kusinthana ndi kuchita bwino. Gawo lina la mphamvu yotumizira limasinthidwa kukhala kutentha mu resistor yomaliza m'malo mokhala ndi radiation. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka ma antenna kamafunikira kulinganiza pakati pa directivity, bandwidth, kukhazikika kwa impedance ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa radiation.
Ma Frequency Range ndi Kukula kwa Magetsi
Ma antenna achikhalidwe okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu amagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kulumikizana kwa HF. Pa ma frequency awa, mbali za antenna nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ma wavelength angapo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kapangidwe kake kapange phindu lalikulu la mbali.
Antena ya rhombic simafotokozedwa ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana okhazikika. Miyeso yake imatha kuyesedwa malinga ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana, koma kapangidwe kake kamakhala kakakulu kwambiri pama frequency otsika ndipo kamafunikira kulekerera kwamphamvu kwa makina pama frequency apamwamba.
Kapangidwe ka compact rhombic ndi rhombic-loop kangagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa ma VHF, UHF kapena ma microwave frequency. Komabe, mapangidwe awa opangidwa ndi scaled akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana a feeding, polarization ndi radiation kuchokera ku antenna yachikhalidwe ya HF rhombic antenna.
Chithunzi 2. Chitsanzo cha kapangidwe ka antenna kakang'ono ka rhombic kuti kalandire ma frequency apamwamba.
Ma Antenna a Rhombic Otha ndi Osatha
Antena ya rhombic yomwe yatsekedwa nthawi zambiri imapanga mawonekedwe a radiation omwe ali mbali imodzi. Ma radiation ambiri othandiza amalunjika kuchokera pamalo olowera kupita kumapeto.
Ngati choletsa kutha kwa magetsi chachotsedwa, mphamvu yamagetsi imaonekera kuchokera kumapeto otseguka. Kenako antenna imapanga gawo lamphamvu la mafunde oyima ndipo imatha kupanga mawonekedwe a mbali ziwiri, ndi kuwala kwakukulu mbali ziwiri zosiyana.
Kapangidwe kake kosatha kangathe kupewa kutayika kwa mphamvu mu resistor yomaliza, koma mawonekedwe ake a input impedance ndi radiation nthawi zambiri amasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency. Ingasonyezenso chiŵerengero choyipa cha kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo komanso khalidwe la broadband losayembekezereka.
Chitsanzo cha Ma radiation ndi Polarization
Kapangidwe ka kuwala kwa antenna ya rhombic yomwe yatha imadziwika ndi lobe yayikulu yakutsogolo ndi ma lobe angapo am'mbali. Kulunjika kwenikweni kwa beam ndi m'lifupi mwake kumadalira kutalika kwa mbali, ngodya ya rhombus, kutalika kwa kukhazikitsa, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi momwe nthaka ilili.
Kuonjezera kutalika kwa magetsi kungathandize kuti magetsi aziyenda bwino, komanso kungapangitse kuti pakhale ma lobes ena am'mbali. Ma lobes osafunikirawa amatha kutulutsa mphamvu kupita kumadera osayembekezereka ndikuchepetsa ubwino wa kuwala kwakukulu.
Antena ya rhombic yoyikidwa mopingasa imayikidwa mopingasa mbali yaikulu ya kuwala. Komabe, mawonekedwe onse amitundu itatu angakhalenso ndi zigawo zopingasa zoyimirira, makamaka m'mbali mwa ma lobes ndi mbali zosiyana ndi mzere waukulu.
Chithunzi 3. Chithunzi chosonyeza kuwala kwa unidirectional cha antenna yotsekedwa ya rhombic.
Kudyetsa ndi Kufananiza kwa Impedance
Antena ya rhombic nthawi zambiri imakhala yolinganizidwa bwino yokhala ndi impedance yayikulu yolowera. Nthawi zambiri imadyetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholumikizira bwino kapena kudzera mu transformer yoyenera ya impedance ndi balun.
Pamene chingwe cha coaxial chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kusinthana pakati pa mzere wolumikizirana ndi antenna yolinganizidwa kuyenera kupangidwa mosamala. Kusalingana koyenera kumatha kuwonjezera mphamvu yowunikira, kuyambitsa mphamvu yamagetsi ya common-mode ndikusokoneza mawonekedwe a radiation omwe akufuna.
Mainjiniya ayenera kuwunika:
- Kuletsa kulowetsa
- Kutayika kobwerera ndi VSWR
- Kuletsa kukana
- Kupeza phindu patsogolo
- Chiŵerengero cha kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo
- Malangizo a mtanda
- Mulingo wa mbali ya lobe
- Kugawanika
- Luso logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu
Pa makina otumizira amphamvu kwambiri, choletsa chotsirizira chiyenera kukhala chokhoza kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri za RF mosamala.
Ubwino
Ubwino waukulu wa antenna ya rhombic ndi awa:
- Bandwidth yogwira ntchito yochuluka
- Phindu lothandiza lotsogolera
- Khola impedance ikatha bwino
- Kapangidwe kosavuta kogwiritsa ntchito waya
- Yoyenera maulalo a HF akutali
- Wokhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu yotumizira ndi zida zoyenera
- Ma antenna angapo a rhombic amatha kukonzedwa kuti azitha kufalikira kwambiri kapena kusinthana pakati pa mayendedwe
Zoletsa
Zoletsa zake zazikulu ndi izi:
- Imafuna malo akuluakulu okhazikitsa
- Imafunika zida zingapo zazitali zothandizira
- Gawo la mphamvu ya RF limatayika mu choletsa chotsirizira
- Zingapange ma lobes akuluakulu am'mbali
- Kugwira ntchito bwino kumakhudzidwa ndi kutalika ndi momwe nthaka ilili
- Kukonza makina kungakhale kovuta
- Sikoyenera pa nsanja zambiri zazing'ono kapena zam'manja
Mapulogalamu Odziwika
Ma antenna a Rhombic akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale pa:
- Kulankhulana kwa HF kwa mtunda wautali
- Maulalo a wailesi okhazikika a point-to-point
- Malo olandirira mawayilesi a Shortwave
- Kulankhulana kwa Ionospheric ndi Skywave
- Maukonde olumikizirana apadziko lonse lapansi
- Kuwunika wailesi ndi luntha la zizindikiro
- Kafukufuku wa ma antenna a waya wautali komanso oyenda
Ngakhale kuti njira zamakono zolankhulirana nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma antenna a log-periodic, ma broadband arrays, ma antenna owonetsera ndi ma antenna olamulidwa ndi magetsi, antenna ya rhombic ikadali chitsanzo chofunikira mu chiphunzitso cha ma antenna.
Zimasonyeza bwino momwe kutalika kwa kondakitala, mphamvu yoyendera mafunde, ngodya ya geometric ndi malo ogwirira ntchito angagwiritsidwire ntchito kuwongolera mayendedwe a antenna ndi bandwidth.
RF MISO imapereka mayankho a antenna ndi microwave component component kuti ayesere RF, kulumikizana, radar, kuyeza antenna ndi kuphatikiza makina. Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka antenna yakale monga rhombic antenna kumathandiza mainjiniya kuwunika magawo ofunikira kuphatikiza ma frequency range, gain, polarization, beamwidth, VSWR, side-lobe level ndi radiation efficiency.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ma antenna, chonde pitani ku:
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-24-2026
