Kufananiza kwa impedance ya WaveguideNdi njira yochepetsera kusagwirizana kwa magetsi pakati pa waveguide ndi gawo lolumikizidwa nalo. Pamene ma impedances sakugwirizana, gawo la chizindikiro cha microwave chomwe chikuchitika chimawonekera ku gwero. Zotsatira zake zimakhala VSWR yokwera, mphamvu yochepa yoperekedwa ku katundu komanso magwiridwe antchito osayembekezereka a dongosolo.
Mosiyana ndi mzere wa coaxial, chiwongolero cha mafunde chopanda kanthu nthawi zambiri sichigwiritsa ntchito zotsutsana ndi lumped kapena ma transmission-line stubs kuti chigwirizane. M'malo mwake, opanga amapanga malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma electromagnetic field ndi irises, positi, zomangira zosinthira, ma tapers, transitions, ma matched loads ndi ma flange interfaces opangidwa mosamala. Njira yoyenera kwambiri imadalira pafupipafupi yogwirira ntchito, bandwidth, mulingo wa mphamvu, kukula kwa chiwongolero cha mafunde komanso ngati kusinthako kuyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa.
Chifukwa Chake Kugwirizana kwa Waveguide Impedance N'kofunika
Kusintha kulikonse kwadzidzidzi kwa mawonekedwe a waveguide kungasokoneze kufalikira kwa malo ndikupanga mafunde owonekera. Kusonkhana kogwirizana bwino kumathandiza:
- kuchepetsa mphamvu yowunikira ndi VSWR;
- kuwongolera kusamutsa mphamvu pakati pa gwero, njira yotumizira ndi katundu;
- tetezani magwero amphamvu a microwave ku mphamvu yochulukirapo yowunikira;
- kuyeza kokhazikika komwe kumapangidwa ndi ma antenna, ma adapter, katundu ndi zigawo zina za ma waveguide;
- sungani magwiridwe antchito obwerezabwereza kudutsa gulu lofunikira la ma frequency.
Magwero osagwirizana omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo kusintha kwa kukula kwa waveguide, ma bend, masitepe, ma probe, kusintha kosakwanira, mipata ya flange, kusalingana bwino ndi katundu womwe impedance yake imasiyana ndi impedance ya waveguide mode.
chithunzi 1: Ma irises a Waveguide ndi dera lofanana,(a)Capacitive;(b)inductive;(c)resonant.
1. Ma Irises a Waveguide: Kufananiza Kokhala ndi Mphamvu, Kuthandizira, ndi Kugwirizana ndi Ma Resonant
Iris yoyendetsa mafunde ndi diaphragm yopyapyala yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi yomwe imayikidwa pa gawo la chitsogozo. Mwa kusintha mphamvu yamagetsi kapena maginito yapafupi, iris imayambitsa kusintha kwa shunt komwe kungathe kubweza kusintha kwa kusagwirizana kapena katundu.
Iris yothandiza
Iris yokhala ndi capacitive imayang'ana mphamvu zamagetsi m'dera laling'ono. Mphamvu yowonjezera yamagetsi imapanga mphamvu yolumikizirana ndi magetsi. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene kulephera komwe kulipo kumafuna kubweza mphamvu yoyambitsa.
Iris yoyambitsa
Iris yopangira zinthu imasintha njira ya pamwamba pa nthaka ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira potulukira. Kukhazikika kwake kopangira zinthu kumatha kuthana ndi kusagwirizana kwa capacitive. Kukula kwa malo otseguka ndi malo ake motsatira chitsogozocho zimatsimikiza mphamvu ya kukonza.
Iris yokongola
Iris yowala imaphatikiza zotsatira zogwira ntchito komanso zoyambitsa. Pafupipafupi pa kapangidwe kake, zotsatira ziwirizi zimatha kukhala zofanana kotero kuti mawonekedwe olamulira amadutsa popanda kuwunikira pang'ono. Kupatula kumveka bwino, kapangidwe komweko kangaperekenso kusankha pafupipafupi kapena mawonekedwe.
Ma Irises ndi opapatiza komanso okhazikika pamakina, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala okhazikika akapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwawo kuyenera kupangidwira gulu la mafunde, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndi bandwidth m'malo mosinthidwa akapangidwa.
chithunzi 2:(a) ma waveguide posts;(b) chofananira ndi screw ziwiri
2. Kukonza Nsanamira ndi Zomangira
Chokulungira chowongolera mpweya kapena chowongolera chomwe chimayikidwa kudzera pakhoma la waveguide chimayambitsa reactance yokhazikika. Kukula kwake, kuzama kwake kulowa ndi malo ake poyerekeza ndi kulephera kutsimikiza ngati zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu kapena zoyambitsa komanso momwe zimasinthira machesiwo mwamphamvu.
Kulowa pang'ono nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusintha pang'ono. Pamene positi ikupitirira mu chitsogozo, kugwedezeka kumasintha ndipo kumatha kudutsa mu resonance. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zomangira zosinthira zikhale zothandiza pokonza labotale, kudula kapangidwe kake komanso kulipira zolekerera zomwe sizingathe kunenedweratu bwino panthawi yokonza.
Ubwino wa kufananiza kosinthika
- Masewerowa akhoza kusinthidwa pamene akuyang'anira kutayika kobwerera kapena VSWR;
- zomangira ziwiri kapena zingapo zimapereka ulamuliro wowonjezera pa kukula ndi gawo;
- kusinthaku kungabwezeretse adaputala, probe, kupindika kapena kunyamula;
- Makonzedwe omaliza akhoza kutsekedwa mutatsimikizira.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya bandwidth kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake konse, osati ndi screw yokha. Kulowa kwambiri kumatha kupanga kumveka kwamphamvu, kuwonjezera kutayika, kusokoneza njira zapamwamba kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kuyenera kuchitika pa band yonse yogwirira ntchito osati pa frequency imodzi yokha.
Zipilala ndi zomangira nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa muma adapter a waveguide-to-coaxialndi zigawo zina za waveguide komwe munda uyenera kusintha pakati pa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a ma transmission.
3. Zolemera Zofanana ndi Zochepetsera
Katundu wofanana wa mafunde amathetsa njira yotumizira mauthenga ndikusintha mphamvu ya microwave kukhala kutentha popanda kuwunikira kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mphamvu, kukonza mayeso, madoko osagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse komwe kumafuna kutsekedwa kotsika kwa kuwunikira.
Chochepetsera mphamvu chimagwira ntchito yosiyana: chimachepetsa kukula kwa chizindikiro ndi kuchuluka kolamulidwa pamene chikusunga mgwirizano wovomerezeka pamadoko onse awiri. Zipangizo zonsezi zimadalira kuyanjana pang'onopang'ono ndi zinthu zotayika kotero kuti munda umalowa popanda kupanga sitepe yadzidzidzi ya impedance.
Sakatulani RF MISOkatundu wa waveguidekuti mupeze zosankha za zigawo zosiyanasiyana pa ma waveguide band osiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira pa mphamvu.
chithunzi 3 waveguide resistance load(a)single taper(b)double taper
Katundu wa Tapered Waveguide
Kutha kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chofooka cha dielectric kapena resistive chomwe chimachepetsedwa ku mafunde omwe akubwera. Kusintha pang'onopang'ono kumalola kuti gawolo lilowe mu absorber popanda kuwunikira kwambiri kuposa block yadzidzidzi ya zinthu.
Choyamwitsacho chingadutse mu chitsogozo kapena kukhala m'dera lapamwamba pafupi ndi pakati pake. Kutalika kwake kocheperako, kufalikira kwa kutayika, ndi kapangidwe ka kutentha zimasankhidwa malinga ndi gulu la ma frequency ndi mulingo wa mphamvu. Katundu wamphamvu kwambiri angafunike thupi lalikulu, chotenthetsera kapena kuzizira kwa mpweya kuti achotse mphamvu yoyamwa bwino.
chithunzi 4 Chochepetsera vane chosunthika
Zothandizira Zonyamula Vane Zosunthika
Vane ya dielectric yosunthika imasintha kuchepa kwa mphamvu poyenda m'madera osiyanasiyana a mphamvu yamagetsi. Pakati pa munda wa dominant-mode, vane imayamwa mphamvu zambiri; pafupi ndi khoma la m'mbali, mundawo ndi wofooka ndipo kuchepa kwa mphamvu kumachepa. Njirayi imapereka kuchepetsa kwa chizindikiro chosinthika popanda kusintha njira ya waveguide.
Kutayika kwa Waveguide motsutsana ndi Kusagwirizana kwa Impedance
Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi kusagwirizana zimagwirizana koma sizofanana. Kusagwirizana kumabwezera gawo la mphamvu ya chochitika kupita ku gwero, pomwe kutayika kwa kondakitala ndi dielectric kumasintha gawo la mphamvu yamtsogolo kukhala kutentha.
Magwero akuluakulu a kuwonongeka ndi awa:
- kuwunikira kuchokera ku masitepe, mapindo, ma probe, mipata ya flange kapena magawo osakhazikika bwino;
- kutayika kwa kondakitala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya pamwamba pa makoma a mafunde;
- kutayika kwa dielectric kuchokera ku mawindo, zothandizira, zoyamwitsa kapena zigawo zodzazidwa;
- kuuma kwa pamwamba, kuipitsidwa, dzimbiri komanso kukhudzana ndi magetsi molakwika.
Chitsogozo cha mafunde chimagwiranso ntchito ngati kapangidwe kapamwamba kwambiri. Ma frequency omwe ali pansi pa cutoff ya mawonekedwe osankhidwa safalikira bwino ndipo amachepa kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, gulu logwirira ntchito, kukula kwa chitsogozo cha mafunde ndi mawonekedwe omwe akufuna ayenera kutsimikiziridwa musanakonze bwino kufananiza.
4. Kusintha, Ma Adapter ndi Flange Coupling
Kusintha kapena adaputala kumasintha pang'onopang'ono pakati pa kukula kosiyana kwa ma waveguide, malo oyendetsera kapena njira zotumizira mauthenga. Zopopera pang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri zimapereka kufanana kwakukulu kuposa sitepe imodzi yakuthwa, pomwe kusintha kocheperako pang'ono kungasankhidwe ngati malo ndi ochepa.
Ma adapter a Waveguide-to-coaxialSakanizani kusintha kwa makina ndi probe kapena choyambitsa chomwe chimasangalatsa mawonekedwe ofunikira a waveguide. Malo ofufuzira, malo ofupikitsa kumbuyo ndi chinthu chilichonse chosinthira ziyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi kudutsa gulu lomwe latchulidwa.
Chifukwa chiyani kulinganiza kwa flange ndikofunikira
Magawo a Waveguide nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi ma flange. Ntchito yawo ndi kusunga mawonekedwe a makina, kupereka kulumikizana kodalirika kwa magetsi ndikuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kuwunikira kwamkati. Mpata, kutsekedwa, kutsekedwa kwa pamwamba, kapena kupanikizika kwa bolt kosagwirizana kungayambitse kusagwirizana kwakukulu, makamaka pakakhala mafunde afupiafupi.
chithunzi 5 (a) flange yosalala; (b) cholumikizira cha flange.
Ma Flanges Opanda Chilema ndi Olondola
Ma flange olumikizana bwino amagwira ntchito bwino ngati nkhope zolumikizana zili zathyathyathya, zoyera komanso zolunjika bwino. Pa ma frequency apamwamba, zolakwika zazing'ono zimakhala gawo lalikulu la kutalika kwa mafunde, kotero kutha kwa pamwamba, kulunzanitsa kwa chitsogozo ndi mphamvu ya bolt kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.
Macheke Othandiza Okhazikitsa
- onetsetsani kuti zigawo zonse ziwiri zimagwiritsa ntchito kukula kofanana kwa waveguide ndi muyezo wofanana wa flange;
- yeretsani nkhope zomwe zikulumikizana ndi kuziyang'ana ngati zili ndi mabala, ziphuphu kapena dzimbiri;
- gwirizanitsani malo otseguka musanamange zomangira;
- Mangani mabotolo mofanana kuti nkhope za flange zikhale zofanana;
- tsimikizirani njira yosonkhanitsidwayo ndi chowunikira cha netiweki ya vector chokonzedwa bwino.
chithunzi 6 (a) Gawo lopingasa la choke coupling; (b) mawonekedwe a kumapeto kwa choke flange
Choke Flange Coupling
Choko cha choke chimagwiritsa ntchito mphete kapena mpata wozungulira malo otseguka kuti chiwongolere mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo olumikizirana. Chikayikidwa bwino pa mzere wogwirira ntchito, chimachepetsa kukhudzidwa ndi mpata wawung'ono wamakina ndikuwonjezera kulumikizana kwamagetsi. Chifukwa choko chimadalira pafupipafupi, mawonekedwe ake ayenera kufanana ndi mzere womwe ukufunidwa.
Momwe Mungatsimikizire Match a Waveguide
- Konzani chowunikira ma network a vector pa malo oyenera owunikira.
- Yesani S11 kapena kubweza kutayika kudutsa gulu lonse logwirira ntchito, osati pa frequency imodzi.
- Sinthani zotsatira zake kukhala VSWR ngati ndizo zomwe zafotokozedwa mu polojekitiyi.
- Sinthani zomangira zosinthira kapena zinthu zina zosinthika pang'onopang'ono pamene mukuyang'ana kutsuka konse.
- Yang'ananinso pambuyo polimbitsa komaliza, kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi kukhazikitsa zigawo zapafupi.
Zotsatira zabwino zimatanthauzidwa ndi zomwe dongosolo likunena. Malo amodzi otsika owunikira sangakhale okwanira ngati pulogalamuyo ikufuna bandwidth yayikulu, mphamvu yokhazikika yogwira ntchito kapena magwiridwe antchito obwerezabwereza pambuyo pokhazikitsa.
Momwe Mungasankhire Njira Yofananira
- Ma Irises:yaying'ono, yokhazikika komanso yoyenera kuyankhidwa pafupipafupi.
- Zipilala kapena zomangira:chosinthika komanso chothandiza pokonza zolekerera zopangira.
- Zopinga ndi kusintha:Zimakondedwa pamene kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa gawo ndi bandwidth yayikulu ikufunika.
- Zolemera zofanana:chotsani doko ndikuyamwa mphamvu ya chochitikacho ndi kuwunikira kochepa.
- Ma flange a Choke:konzani malo olumikizirana a flange osankhidwa pamene mpata waung'ono sungapeweke.
Mapulogalamu
Kufananiza kwa Waveguide impedance ndikofunikira kwambiri pama radar front ends, zida zolumikizirana ndi satellite, ma antenna feed, makina oyezera ma microwave, ma transmitter, ma receiver ndi ma test setup amphamvu kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa ma adapter, ma load, ma switch, ma orthomode transducers ndi zina.zigawo za waveguide.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi VSWR yokwera mu dongosolo la mafunde imasonyeza chiyani?
Kuchuluka kwa VSWR kumasonyeza kuti gawo lalikulu la mafunde a ngozi likuonekera. Choyambitsa chingakhale katundu wokha kapena kulephera monga adaputala, probe, bend, flange gap kapena gawo lolakwika.
Kodi chokulungira chosinthira chingapereke kufanana kwa broadband?
Skuruu yokonza imatha kukonza bwino kusalingana, koma kusintha kwamphamvu kwa resonant kungakhale kocheperako. Kugwira ntchito kwa broadband nthawi zambiri kumafuna kusintha konse, malo a skuruu ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kuti zipangidwe pamodzi.
Kodi kuwunikira pa flange ya waveguide kungachepe bwanji?
Gwiritsani ntchito ma flanges ogwirizana, sungani nkhope zolumikizirana zoyera komanso zathyathyathya, gwirizanitsani ma apertures molondola ndikulimbitsa zomangira mofanana. Tsimikizani kusonkhana komaliza ndi netiweki-analyzer sweep.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa katundu wa waveguide ndi attenuator ndi kotani?
Katundu amathetsa doko ndipo amayamwa mphamvu zonse zogwa. Chochepetsera mphamvu ndi chipangizo chokhala ndi madoko awiri chomwe chimachepetsa mulingo wa chizindikiro ndi kuchuluka kwinakwake pamene chikutumiza mphamvu yotsalayo ku zotsatira zake.
Kuti muthandizidwe posankha adaputala ya waveguide, katundu kapena kapangidwe kofananira,Lumikizanani ndi RF MISOndi ma frequency range, kukula kwa waveguide, bandwidth, mulingo wa mphamvu ndi cholinga cha VSWR.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-15-2024
