chachikulu

Kodi Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Mtambo wa Antena N'chiyani? Kusinthanitsa kwa Fomula, Kuyeza ndi Kupanga

1

Chithunzi 1. Madera a main-beam ndi sidelobe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza momwe antenna imagwirira ntchito.

Kodi Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Mtambo wa Antena N'chiyani?

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa antenna, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti main-beam efficiency, ndi gawo la mphamvu yonse ya radiation ya antenna yomwe imagwera mkati mwa dera lodziwika bwino la main-beam. Imayankha funso lothandiza pakupanga: ndi kuchuluka kwa ma radiation komwe kulipo komwe kumayikidwa ku gawo la angular lomwe likufunidwa m'malo mogawidwa m'mbali ndi kumbuyo?

Pa antenna yolandira, kubwerezabwereza kumalola lingaliro lomwelo kuonedwa ngati gawo la mphamvu yolandiridwa yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu beam yayikulu pamene malo ozungulira ndi momwe polarization imagwirira ntchito zimafotokozedwa mosalekeza. Chifukwa chake, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa beam ndikofunikira makamaka mu radar, radiometry, satellite links, point-to-point microwave systems ndi muyeso wa antenna, komwe mphamvu yochokera kapena kuchoka kupita ku njira zosafunikira ingachepetse kulondola kapena kuwonjezera kusokoneza.

Mu Chithunzi 1, lobe yaikulu ili pakati pa z-axis. Ngati ngodya ya koni ndi θ1chizindikiro choyamba cha malire a null kapena malire ena odziwika bwino a main-beam, mphamvu ya beam imawerengedwa pophatikiza mawonekedwe amagetsi mkati mwa cone imeneyo ndikugawa ndi mphamvu yolumikizidwa pa mawonekedwe onse a radiation.

Chilinganizo Chogwiritsira Ntchito Mwachangu cha Mtanda wa Antena

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokhazikika ya mphamvu Pn(θ,φ), mawu ofotokozera mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa akuwonetsedwa pansipa:

2

Nambala ikuyimira mphamvu yomwe ili mkati mwa ngodya yolimba ya main-beam yosankhidwa, ΩMB. Chigawochi chikuyimira mphamvu yonse yowala yomwe yaphatikizidwa pa 4π steradians. Mtengo wotsatira, ηB, sichikhala ndi muyeso uliwonse ndipo nthawi zambiri chimanenedwa ngati peresenti.

  • Pn(θ,φ)ndi njira yokhazikika yamagetsi. Ngati deta yoyezedwa yamagetsi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mawu ofanana amagetsi ndi ofanana ndi |E|2.
  • ΩMBndi dera lodziwika bwino la main-beam, lomwe nthawi zambiri limamangidwa ndi ma nulls oyamba kapena ndi ngodya yodziwika bwino ya cone.
  • θ ndi φndi ma elevation ndi azimuth coordinates omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mawonekedwe onse a radiation.

Malire a chitsulo chachikulu ayenera kufotokozedwa nthawi zonse ndi zotsatira zake. Ma laboratories awiri amatha kupeza manambala osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chitsanzo chomwecho ngati chimodzi chikugwirizana ndi null yoyamba pomwe china chikugwiritsa ntchito kondomu yokhazikika ya angular. Pa pensulo yozungulira yofanana, kuphatikizana kumatha kuchepetsedwa monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu mawu otsatirawa.

3

Kodi Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Mtambo wa Antena Kumayesedwa Bwanji?

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumapezeka kuchokera ku deta ya radiation-pattern osati kuchokera ku kuwerenga kamodzi kokha. Kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kolinganizidwa, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa antenna, kapena makina oyandikana ndi kuwala omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kotsimikizika angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pa ma arrays ophatikizika, muyeso uyenera kubwerezedwa pa mkhalidwe uliwonse wofunikira wa kuwala, ma frequency ndi polarization chifukwa zolakwika za scanning ndi amplitude kapena phase zimatha kugawanso mphamvu m'ma sidelobes.

  1. Yesani mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa dzuwaKuphimba kokwanira kwa ngodya kuphatikiza mtanda waukulu, ma sidelobes ndi lobe yakumbuyo.
  2. Sinthani munda woyezedwa kukhala chitsanzo cha mphamvundipo gwiritsani ntchito njira yofanana yosinthira ku chitsanzo chilichonse cha angular.
  3. Fotokozani malire a mtengo waukulu, monga mawonekedwe oyamba opanda kanthu kapena ngodya inayake ya koni.
  4. Phatikizani mphamvu mkati mwa malire amenewondipo mugawane ndi mphamvu yolumikizidwa pa chitsanzo chonse.
  5. Nenani za momwe mayeso alili, kuphatikizapo ma frequency, polarization, beam state, angular resolution ndi tanthauzo la malire.

Kudula kwa ma E-plane awiriawiri ndi ma H-plane kungawonetse mawonekedwe a beamwidth ndi sidelobe, koma nthawi zambiri sikumapereka phindu lathunthu la beam-efficiency pokhapokha ngati rotational symmetry yatsimikiziridwa. Deta yonse kapena yokwanira ya mawonekedwe imapereka zotsatira zotetezeka kwambiri. Dziwani zambiri za RF MISO'skuthekera koyesa antenna.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino kwa Beam vs. Malamulo Ena Ogwiritsira Ntchito Bwino kwa Antena

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwala Moyenera vs. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwala Moyenera

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa kuwala kwa dzuwaimayerekeza mphamvu yowala ndi mphamvu yolandiridwa ndi antenna motero imawonetsa kutayika kwa kondakitala ndi dielectric.Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa dengaimafotokoza komwe mphamvu yowala imapita. Antena imatha kukhala ndi kutayika kochepa mkati koma imakhalabe ndi mphamvu yochepa ya kuwala ngati mphamvu yayikulu ikuwonekera m'mbali mwa lobes kapena kumbuyo kwa lobe.

Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera kwa Beam vs. Directivity ndi Gain

Malangizoimafotokoza kuchuluka kwa ma radiation poyerekeza ndi radiator ya isotropic. Gain imaphatikiza kuwongolera ndi mphamvu ya ma radiation, pomwe phindu lodziwika bwino limathandizanso kusalingana kwa impedance. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa beam ndi kosiyana chifukwa kumaphatikiza mphamvu kudutsa dera lozungulira m'malo mongoyang'ana komwe kuli pamwamba.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino kwa Beam vs. Beamwidth

Mzere wa theka la mphamvu ndi m'lifupi wa angular pakati pa mfundo za -3 dB za lobe yayikulu. Mzere wopapatiza nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi kuwongolera kwakukulu, koma suwonetsa kuti kuwalako ndi kogwira mtima kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake kangakhale ndi nsonga yopapatiza koma kamatumizabe mphamvu zambiri m'mbali mwa lobes. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wa m'lifupi ndi mbali ya lobes uyenera kuunikidwanso pamodzi ndi mtengo wophatikizika wa kuwala.

Kodi N’chiyani Chimalamulira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino kwa Mtambo wa Antena?

1. Magawo a Sidelobe ndi Back-Lobe

Mphamvu yomwe ili kunja kwa dera losankhidwa la main-beam imachepetsa mwachindunji mphamvu ya beam. Ma sidelobes okwera angachitike chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa ma aperture, mipata ya array, zolakwika za amplitude kapena mawonekedwe a kuwala omwe sanakonzedwe bwino kuti agwirizane ndi kapangidwe kofunikira. Kuwala kwa kumbuyo ndi kufalikira kuchokera kuzinthu zapafupi kungakhale ndi zotsatira zofanana.

2. Kuunikira kwa Mpata ndi Kutsika kwa Ma Amplitude

Ma antenna ndi ma arrays a Aperture amagwiritsa ntchito kugawa kwa amplitude kudutsa pa aperture yowala. Kugawa kofanana kumatha kupanga beam yopapatiza komanso kuwongolera kwakukulu, komanso kumatha kupanga ma sidelobes okwera kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito amplitude taper kumatha kuletsa ma sidelobes ndikuyika mphamvu yambiri ya kapangidwe kake m'dera lomwe mukufuna, ngakhale kuti taper yochulukirapo imatha kukulitsa beam yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma aperture kapena magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, malo abwino kwambiri ndi kusinthana kwa ntchito.

3. Kutuluka kwa chakudya ndi kutsekeka kwa kapangidwe kake

Mu antenna yowunikira, mphamvu yomwe imasowa chowunikira imatuluka ndipo siithandiza ku kuwala kwakukulu komwe kukufunika. Zothandizira chakudya, chowunikira chaching'ono kapena zida zapafupi zimatha kutseka kapena kufalitsa gawo la malo otseguka. Kusankha bwino chakudya, malo olunjika komanso kulinganiza makina kumathandiza kuwongolera kutayika kumeneku ndi malo osafunikira.

4. Zolakwika za Gawo, Kukula ndi Kumtunda

Kusalingana kwa magawo pakati pa zinthu zozungulira, kutayika kwa chakudya chosafanana, kulolerana kwa kupanga, cholakwika cha pamwamba pa reflector ndi kusokonekera kwa radome kumatha kusuntha mphamvu kutali ndi kuwala komwe kukufunika. Zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kwambiri pamene ma frequency akuwonjezeka chifukwa cholakwika chokhazikika chimayimira gawo lalikulu la wavelength.

5. Kuyera kwa Polarization

Matanthauzidwe ena okhudza mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa amaphatikizapo mphamvu yokha mu polarization yomwe ikufunika. Ma radiation odutsa mkati kapena kunja kwa kuwala kwakukulu amatha kuchepetsa mtengo womwe wanenedwa. Polarization iyenera kufotokozedwa mosasintha mu zoyeserera, muyeso ndi zofunikira za dongosolo.

Kugwira Ntchito kwa Beam, Beamwidth ndi Bandwidth Ndi Zosiyana

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa dengandi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya angular chophatikizidwa.M'lifupi mwakeimafotokoza m'lifupi mwa ngodya yaikulu pamlingo wotchulidwa, nthawi zambiri imakhala theka la mphamvu kapena -3 dB points.bandiwifi ya antennaimafotokoza kuchuluka kwa ma frequency omwe zofunikira zomwe zasankhidwa zimakwaniritsidwa. Ma parameter awa amakhudza wina ndi mnzake, koma sangasinthidwe.

Kapangidwe kake kangakhalebe ndi VSWR yovomerezeka pa ma frequency osiyanasiyana pomwe malangizo ake, mulingo wake wa sidelobe kapena magwiridwe antchito a ray amasintha kwambiri pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa band. Chifukwa chake, magwiridwe antchito a pattern ayenera kutsimikiziridwa pama frequency angapo m'malo mongoganizira kuchokera ku impedance bandwidth yokha. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za matanthauzidwe a frequency-range, onaniBandwidth ya Antena.

Kodi Kugwira Ntchito Bwino kwa Beam Kungawongoleredwe Bwanji?

  • Sankhani chotchinga choboola chomwe chimagwirizanitsa kutsekeka kwa mbali, m'lifupi mwa denga lalikulu ndi kukula kwake.
  • Konzani bwino malo owonetsera ndi kudyetsa, kuunikira m'mphepete ndi kufalikira kwa kuwala.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito malo oyenera a zinthu ndi kulamulira molondola ma amplitude kapena phase mu arrays kuti mupewe kusokoneza ma grating lobes.
  • Chepetsani kutsekeka, kufalikira kwa chingwe ndi kuyanjana kosafunikira ndi kapangidwe kake kapena radome.
  • Kuwongolera kulekerera kwa makina, kulondola kwa pamwamba ndi kulumikizana pafupipafupi kwambiri yogwirira ntchito.
  • Tsimikizirani momwe ma co-polar ndi cross-polar alili pa gulu lonse logwira ntchito komanso momwe kuwala kulikonse komwe kukufunika kulili.

Kodi Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera Kwambiri kwa Ma LED Kumafunika Kuti?

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa n'kofunika kwambiri makamaka pamene mphamvu kapena mphamvu yolandiridwa iyenera kukhazikika pamalo odziwika bwino. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo radar yowunikira ndi kujambula, maulalo olumikizirana ndi satellite, zakuthambo za wailesi ndi radiometry, maulalo a microwave a point-to-point, makina owunikira, ma antenna owongolera ndi ma arrays oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi.

Palibe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya kuwala komwe kuli koyenera pa antenna iliyonse. Chofunika chiyenera kufotokoza kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito, polarization, momwe kuwala kumakhalira ndi malire a angular, pamodzi ndi khalidwe lovomerezeka la sidelobe ndi back-lobe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti deta ya ogulitsa, kuyerekezera ndi zotsatira zoyesedwa zikhale zofanana mwachindunji.

Kodi Ogula Ayenera Kuyang'ana Chiyani mu Antena Datasheet?

Ngati kuwongolera kuwala ndikofunikira, musayese antenna kuchokera pa peak gain yokha. Funsani wopanga deta ya kapangidwe ndi mikhalidwe yoyesera yomwe ilipo ya mtundu weniweni ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency.

  • Ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito ndi ma frequency omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ma pattern
  • Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, m'lifupi mwa theka la mphamvu ndi mulingo woyamba wa sidelobe poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa ma frequency
  • Mawonekedwe a ma radiation a co-polar ndi cross-polar m'magawo ofunikira kapena pa sikirini yozungulira
  • Malire a angular ndi polarization zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mphamvu ya beam, pamene mtengo umenewo watchulidwa
  • VSWR, cholumikizira kapena mawonekedwe a waveguide, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi zofunikira pa chilengedwe
  • Kulekerera kwa makina, makonzedwe okwezera ndi kasinthidwe kalikonse ka radome kapena reflector-feed

Mayankho a RF MISO Microwave Antenna

RF MISO imapereka ma antenna a microwave ndi millimeter-wave kuti ayesere, radar, kulumikizana ndi kuphatikiza makina. Magulu azinthu zofunikira akuphatikizapoma antenna okhazikika a nyanga yokwera, ma antenna owunikirandima antenna a guluMafotokozedwe enieni a chitsanzo ndi deta yoyesera yomwe ilipo iyenera kuwunikidwanso poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kofunikira, kugawa, kuchuluka ndi magwiridwe antchito a pattern.

Pakusankha antenna kapena zofunikira zomwe mukufuna,Lumikizanani ndi RF MISO at info@rf-miso.com.

Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-12-2024

Pezani Deta ya Zamalonda