Kodi Kuwongolera kwa Antena N'chiyani?
Yankho lachangu:Kuwongolera kwa ma antenna kumafotokoza momwe ma antenna amalimbikitsira mphamvu yowunikira mbali inayake poyerekeza ndi radiator yoyenera ya isotropic. Radiator ya isotropic ili ndi kuwongolera kwa 1, kapena 0 dBi.
Kuwongolera kwakukulu kumapanga mawonekedwe opapatiza komanso olunjika kwambiri a radiation, pomwe kuwongolera kochepa kumapereka chithunzi chokulirapo cha ngodya. Kuwongolera kumadalira mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a radiation ndipo sikuphatikizapo kutayika kwa antenna.
Mawonekedwe a radiation okhazikika amatha kufotokozedwa mu ma coordinates ozungulira motere:
Chitsanzo cha Radiation Chokhazikika
Fomula Yowongolera Ma Antena
Kapangidwe ka radiation kokhazikika kali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kapangidwe koyambirira, koma mtengo wake wapamwamba kwambiri umayikidwa pa 1. Kuwongolera kwa Antena, kolembedwa motereD, imayerekeza mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya kuwala ndi mphamvu yapakati ya kuwala mbali zonse.
Chiŵerengero cha equation chikuyimira dongosolo lonse lophatikizidwa pa bolodi. Kugawa mtengo wapamwamba ndi avareji iyi ya malo kumasonyeza momwe antenna imasungira mphamvu kwambiri mbali yake yayikulu.
Malangizo vs. Kupeza
Directivity imangofotokoza momwe mawonekedwe a radiation amakhalira okhuthala. Kuchuluka kwa ma antenna kumakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito a radiation, kuphatikizapo kutayika kwa conductive ndi dielectric.
Ubale ndiG = ηD, komweGndi phindu,ηndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipoDndi chitsogozo. Antena yopanda kutayika imakhala ndi phindu lofanana ndi chitsogozo chake; mu antena yeniyeni, phindu nthawi zambiri limakhala lotsika. Ma mtengo onsewa nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa mu dBi akamatchulidwa ku radiator ya isotropic.
Chitsanzo Chowerengera Malangizo
Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani ma equation awiri otsatira a mawonekedwe a radiation a ma antenna awiri.
Antena 1
Antena 2
Chitsanzo ndi Malangizo a Radiation
Mapangidwe otsatirawa amasiyana malinga ndi ngodya ya polarθndipo akuganiza kuti amakhalabe ogwirizana ndi azimuth. Antena 1 imafalitsa kuwala kwake kwakukulu, pomwe Antena 2 imayika mphamvu zambiri kuzungulira mbali yake yayikulu.
Popeza kuwala kwakukulu kopapatiza kumayimira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yowala, Antena 2 ikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi chitsogozo chapamwamba.
Chithunzi 1. Kuyerekeza kwa mitundu iwiri ya ma radiation omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino. Mtundu wokhazikika kwambiri umakhala ndi mphamvu yowongolera kwambiri.
Zotsatira Zowerengera Malangizo
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera zinthu ziwirizi kumapereka:
- Antena 1:D = 1.273, kapena 1.05 dBi
- Antena 2:D = 2.707, kapena 4.32 dBi
Antena 2 ili ndi mphamvu yowongolera kwambiri chifukwa kuwala kwake kumakhala kozungulira mbali ya pamwamba. Radiator ya isotropic imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha 0 dBi ngakhale kuti ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri osati antenna yeniyeni.
Mapulogalamu Oyendetsera Zinthu Zapamwamba ndi Zotsika
Ma antenna owongolera pang'onoamapereka chithunzithunzi chachikulu cha ngodya ndipo ndi othandiza pamene zizindikiro zingafike kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, monga mafoni, mawayilesi a magalimoto, ndi mwayi wopezeka ndi waya.
Ma antenna owongolera kwambiriIkani mphamvu mu kuwala kopapatiza. Amakondedwa kwambiri pa maulalo a satellite, radar, remote sensing, ndi kulumikizana kwa mfundo ndi mfundo komwe njira yomwe mukufuna imadziwika.
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa mitundu yoyerekeza ya ma antenna osiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe Abwino a Antena
| Mtundu wa antenna | Chiŵerengero choyerekeza cha malangizo | Malangizo oyerekeza (dBi) |
|---|---|---|
| dipole lalifupi | 1.5 | 1.76 |
| Dipole ya theka la mafunde | 1.64 | 2.15 |
| Chigamba cha antenna | 3.2-6.3 | 5-8 |
| Antena ya nyanga | 10-100 | 10-20 |
| Antena ya mbale | 10-10,000 | 10-40 |
Ma mtengo awa ndi oimira. Kuwongolera kwenikweni kumadalira pafupipafupi, kukula kwa magetsi, mawonekedwe, kuunikira, ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
Kodi Kuwongolera kwa Antena Kumayesedwa Bwanji?
Kuwongolera nthawi zambiri kumatsimikiziridwa kuchokera ku mawonekedwe oyezedwa a radiation. Antena yomwe ikuyesedwa imadziwika pa azimuth ndi kukwera, ndipo deta ya gawo kapena mphamvu yomwe imachokera imasinthidwa kuti ipange mawonekedwe amitundu itatu.
- Yesani kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa pamlingo woyenera wa angular range.
- Dziwani mphamvu yayikulu ya ma radiation.
- Phatikizani mawonekedwe a radiation pa ngodya yolimba kuti mupeze avareji ya malo.
- Gawani mphamvu ya pachimake ndi mphamvu yapakati ndipo fotokozani zotsatira zake ngati chiŵerengero kapena mu dBi.
Wolamulidwakuyesa kwa antennazimathandiza kuchepetsa kusinkhasinkha ndi kusatsimikizika kwa muyeso poyesa mawonekedwe a radiation, gain, polarization, ndi directionivity.
Momwe Kukula kwa Antena Kumakhudzira Kuwongolera
Kukula kwa magetsi kumakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a ma radiation. Antena yaying'ono yokhala ndi chinthu chimodzi nthawi zambiri imapanga kuwala kwakukulu komanso kuwongolera kochepa. Kukulitsa kutsegula bwino kwa ma wavelength kumalola antena kapena gulu kupanga kuwala kopapatiza ndikupeza kuwongolera kwakukulu.
- Malangizo otsika:zothandiza pofalitsa uthenga m'dera lalikulu komanso zizindikiro zochokera mbali zosiyanasiyana.
- Malangizo apamwamba:zothandiza pa maulalo olunjika, kusankha bwino kwa angular, komanso kukana zizindikiro kunja kwa kuwala kwakukulu.
Kuwongolera sikumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa thupi kokha. Jiometri, kugawa kwa magetsi, malo olumikizirana ndi magawo, kuunikira kwa ma aperture, ndi ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito zonse zimakhudza mawonekedwe omaliza a radiation.
Mzere wopapatiza nthawi zambiri umagwirizana ndi kuwongolera kwakukulu, komanso umafunikanso kuloza ndi kulinganiza kolondola. Kuti mudziwe ubale pakati pa kuwongolera, kuchita bwino, ndi magwiridwe antchito, onanikugwira ntchito bwino kwa antenna ndi phindu lake.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi malangizo a antenna m'mawu osavuta ndi chiyani?
Ndi muyeso wa momwe antenna imalimbikitsira mphamvu ya kuwala mbali imodzi poyerekeza ndi kuwala kwapakati mbali zonse.
Kodi malangizo a antenna ndi ofanana ndi phindu?
Ayi. Directivity imafotokoza kuchuluka kwa ma pattern, pomwe phindu limaphatikizaponso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ma radiation. Ubale wawo ndi G = ηD.
Kodi 0 dBi directionivity imatanthauza chiyani?
Ikugwirizana ndi radiator yoyenera ya isotropic yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha directionactivity cha 1. Ndi chisonyezero chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza directionactivity mu dBi.
Kodi malangizo a antenna angawonjezedwe bwanji?
Kuwongolera kungawonjezeke mwa kukulitsa malo otseguka amagetsi ogwira ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito ma reflectors kapena ma lens, kupanga ma arrays okhala ndi amplitude ndi phase yolamulidwa, kapena kusankha geometry yomwe imapanga beam yaikulu yopapatiza.
Kodi kulamulira kwapamwamba nthawi zonse kumatanthauza antenna yabwino?
Ayi. Kuwongolera kwakukulu kumakhala kopindulitsa ngati njira yowunikira ikudziwika, koma kufalikira kwakukulu kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri pa mapulogalamu apafoni kapena amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kusankha kolondola kumadalira ulalo, kufalikira, bandwidth, magwiridwe antchito, ndi zofunikira pakuyika.
Kuti muthandizidwe posankha kapena kuyesa antenna ya pulogalamu yanu,Lumikizanani ndi RF MISOkapena imeloinfo@rf-miso.com.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-07-2023
